# Fallingwater

> Source: [Fallingwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater)
> Clipped: 2026-07-06

Fallingwater

House in Stewart Township, Pennsylvania


For other uses, see [Fallingwater (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater_(disambiguation) "Fallingwater (disambiguation)").

| Fallingwater | |
| --- | --- |
| [Fallingwater, a house in Stewart Township, Pennsylvania, as seen from the bottom of a nearby waterfall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater3.jpg) | |
| Interactive map showing Fallingwater's location | |
| [39°54′23″N 79°28′04″W / 39.90626°N 79.46783°W / 39.90626; -79.46783](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fallingwater&params=39.90626_N_79.46783_W_type:landmark_region:US-PA) | |
| Location | [Stewart Township](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Township,_Pennsylvania "Stewart Township, Pennsylvania"), [Fayette County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania "Fayette County, Pennsylvania"), U.S. |
| Nearest city | [Uniontown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniontown,_Pennsylvania "Uniontown, Pennsylvania") |
| History | |
| Built | 1936–1937 (main house), 1939 (guest house) |
| Site notes | |
| Architect | [Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Frank Lloyd Wright") |
| Architectural styles | [Modern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture "Modern architecture"), [organic architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_architecture "Organic architecture") |
| Governing body | [Western Pennsylvania Conservancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Conservancy "Western Pennsylvania Conservancy") |
| Visitors | about 160,000 (in the 2010s) |
|  | |
| [UNESCO World Heritage Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site "World Heritage Site") | |
| Criteria | Cultural: (ii) |
| Designated | [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_by_year_of_inscription#2019_(43rd_session) "List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription") (43rd [session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee "World Heritage Committee")) |
| Part of | [The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_20th-Century_Architecture_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright "The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright") |
| Reference no. | [1496-005](https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1496) |
| Region | [North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_America "List of World Heritage Sites in North America") |
|  | |
| [U.S. National Register of Historic Places](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places "National Register of Historic Places") | |
| Designated | July 23, 1974[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-nris-1) |
| Reference no. | [74001781](https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/74001781)[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-nris-1) |
|  | |
| [U.S. National Historic Landmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark "National Historic Landmark") | |
| Designated | May 23, 1976[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-2) |
|  | |
| [Pennsylvania Historical Marker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_historical_markers "List of Pennsylvania state historical markers") | |
| Designated | May 15, 1994[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-PHMC-3) |
|  | |
|  | |

**Fallingwater** is a [house museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_house_museum "Historic house museum") in [Stewart Township](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Township,_Pennsylvania "Stewart Township, Pennsylvania") in the [Laurel Highlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Highlands "Laurel Highlands") of [southwestern Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh "Greater Pittsburgh"), United States. Designed by the architect [Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Frank Lloyd Wright"), it is built partly over a waterfall on the [Bear Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Run "Bear Run") stream. The three-story residence was developed as a weekend retreat for Liliane and [Edgar J. Kaufmann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_J._Kaufmann "Edgar J. Kaufmann") Sr., the owner of [Kaufmann's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufmann's "Kaufmann's") Department Store in [Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh "Pittsburgh"). The [Western Pennsylvania Conservancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Conservancy "Western Pennsylvania Conservancy") (WPC), which has operated Fallingwater as a tourist attraction since 1963, maintains 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) surrounding the house.

Edgar Kaufmann Sr. had established a summer retreat at Bear Run for his employees by 1916. When employees stopped using the retreat, the Kaufmanns bought the site in July 1933 and hired Wright to design the house in 1934. Several structural issues arose during the house's construction, including cracked concrete and sagging terraces. The Kaufmanns began using the house in 1937 and hired Wright to design a guest wing, which was finished in 1939. [Edgar Kaufmann Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Kaufmann_Jr. "Edgar Kaufmann Jr."), the Kaufmanns' son, continued to use the house after his parents' deaths. After the WPC took over, it began hosting tours of the house in July 1964 and built a visitor center in 1979. The house was renovated in the late 1990s and early 2000s to remedy severe structural defects, including sagging terraces and poor drainage.

The house includes multiple outdoor [terraces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(building) "Terrace (building)"), which are [cantilevered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever "Cantilever"), extending outward from a chimney without support at the opposite end. Fallingwater is made of locally–quarried stone, [reinforced concrete](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete "Reinforced concrete"), steel, and [plate glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_glass "Plate glass"). The first story contains the main entrance, the living room, two outdoor terraces, and the kitchen. There are four bedrooms (including a study) and additional terraces on the upper stories. Wright designed most of the house's built-in furniture. Many pieces of art are placed throughout the house, in addition to objects including textiles and [Tiffany glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_glass "Tiffany glass"). Above the main house is a guest wing with a [carport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carport "Carport") and servants' quarters.

Fallingwater has received extensive architectural commentary over the years and it was one of the world's most discussed modern–style structures by the 1960s. The house has been the subject of books, magazine articles, films, and other media works over the years. Fallingwater is designated as a [National Historic Landmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark "National Historic Landmark"), and it is one of eight buildings in "[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_20th-Century_Architecture_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright "The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright")", a [World Heritage Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site "World Heritage Site").

## Site

Fallingwater is situated in [Stewart Township](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Township,_Pennsylvania "Stewart Township, Pennsylvania") in the [Laurel Highlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Highlands "Laurel Highlands") of [southwestern Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh "Greater Pittsburgh"), United States,[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._78-4)[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Heyman_g090-5) about 72 miles (116 km) southeast of [Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh "Pittsburgh").[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._88-6)[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wald_w809-7) The house is located near [Pennsylvania Route 381](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Route_381 "Pennsylvania Route 381") (PA 381),[[8]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sommers_c954-8)[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kraft_1990-9) between the communities of [Ohiopyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiopyle,_Pennsylvania "Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania") and [Mill Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill_Run,_Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania "Mill Run, Fayette County, Pennsylvania") in [Fayette County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania "Fayette County, Pennsylvania").[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._78-4)[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kraft_1990-9) It is variously cited as being either in [Bear Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Run "Bear Run"), the stream that runs below the house, or in Mill Run,[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._78-4)[[10]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Maslin2003-10) though the building's [deeds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deed "Deed") give the locale as Stewart Township.[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._258–259-11) Nearby are the Bear Run Natural Area to the north, as well as [Ohiopyle State Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiopyle_State_Park "Ohiopyle State Park")[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[13]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Daily_American_1993-13) and [Fort Necessity National Battlefield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Necessity_National_Battlefield "Fort Necessity National Battlefield") to the south.[[14]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._84-14) The nearest city is [Uniontown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniontown,_Pennsylvania "Uniontown, Pennsylvania"), to the west.[[8]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sommers_c954-8) Fallingwater is one of four buildings in southwestern Pennsylvania designed by the architect [Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Frank Lloyd Wright"). The others are [Kentuck Knob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuck_Knob "Kentuck Knob"), about a 7-mile (11 km) drive to the southwest,[[15]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-15)[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Centre_Daily_Times_2014-16)[[a]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-18) as well as Duncan House[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Centre_Daily_Times_2014-16)[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Lancaster_New_Era_2007-19) and Lindholm House at [Polymath Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymath_Park "Polymath Park") in [Acme, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acme,_Pennsylvania "Acme, Pennsylvania").[[19]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-20)

### Geography and structures

Fallingwater is named for the location of the main house,[[20]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-21)[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._260-22) which is oriented roughly south-southeast.[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._212-23) It sits above the Bear Run stream, a tributary of the [Youghiogheny River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youghiogheny_River "Youghiogheny River"), which has an upper falls about 20–30 feet (6.1–9.1 m) high (where the main house is situated) and a lower falls about 7–10 feet (2.1–3.0 m) high.[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kraft_1990-9)[[23]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._155-24) At the house, Bear Run is 1,298 feet (396 m) above sea level;[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[25]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-26) contrary to common perceptions, it does not pass through the house.[[23]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._155-24) The stream sometimes freezes during the winter and dries up during the summer.[[26]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fulford_2015-27) There is a layer of buff and gray [sandstone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone "Sandstone") under the site, which is part of the [Pottsville Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottsville_Formation "Pottsville Formation").[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._81-28)[[28]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._5-29) Prior to Fallingwater's construction, several sandstone boulders were scattered across the grounds.[[28]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._5-29) In contrast to other country estates, Fallingwater is not located on a geographically prominent site and is not easily visible.[[29]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._211-30) [Canopy cover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_cover "Canopy cover") from the surrounding forest hangs above the house.[[30]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._190-31)

Atop a hill to the north of the main house is Fallingwater's guest wing,[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fales_1977-32)[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._209-33) which is about 90 feet (27 m) away from the main house.[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._82-34) The guest wing, an "L"-shaped building, is connected to the main house by a curved outdoor walkway (see [§ Guest wing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#Guest_wing)).[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._209-33) The house's visitor pavilion, which is not visible from the main house,[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Haurwitz_1981-35) includes five open-air wooden structures with connecting pathways.[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Haurwitz_1980-36) The pavilion includes glass-walled wings with bathrooms, exhibit areas, and a child-care center, in addition to an open-air ticket office.[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Haurwitz_1981-35)[[36]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Miller_1981-37) Approximately 0.25 miles (0.40 km) from the main house is the Barn at Fallingwater, which consists of two barns built c. 1870 and in the early 1940s.[[37]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-38)

The grounds include a small [mausoleum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum "Mausoleum") for Edgar and Liliane Kaufmann, which has doors designed by [Alberto Giacometti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti "Alberto Giacometti").[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pitz_2015-39) Edgar Jr. was cremated after his death, and his ashes are spread around the house.[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pitz_2015-39) There are paths throughout the grounds, including a pathway to the waterfall.[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bell_1995-40) Wright designed a set of gates for the house's driveway, though these were never installed.[[40]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_2005-41) George Longenecker designed a gate that was used at Fallingwater from 1995 to 2005;[[40]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_2005-41)[[41]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Evening_Sun_2005-42) it weighed 1,700 pounds (770 kg) and measured 5 by 18 feet (1.5 by 5.5 m) across.[[41]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Evening_Sun_2005-42) Wright also designed several unbuilt structures for the estate, including a gatehouse, farmhouse, and various expansions.[[42]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._105-43)

Fallingwater

[![](https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,39.90372,-79.464401,450x300.png?lang=en)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Map/15/39.90372/-79.464401/en)

[![About OpenStreetMaps](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transparent.svg/20px-Transparent.svg.png)](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright "About OpenStreetMaps")

[![Maps: terms of use](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transparent.svg/20px-Transparent.svg.png)](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use "Maps: terms of use")

220m  
240yds

**5**

**4**

**3**

**2**

**1**

1

Main house  

2

Guest wing  

3

Visitor center  

4

Estate entrance  

5

The Barn at Fallingwater

### Previous site usage

In the 1890s, a [freemasonry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonry "Freemasonry") group from Pittsburgh developed a country club on a plot of land that includes the Fallingwater site. By 1909, this clubhouse had been acquired by another group of masons who turned it into the Syria Country Club.[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._7-44) The club went bankrupt in 1913.[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._7-44)[[44]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._92-45) A map from that year shows that the grounds included the clubhouse, the [Baltimore and Ohio Railroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad "Baltimore and Ohio Railroad")'s Bear Run station, and 13 other buildings (none of which are extant). One of the structures was a cottage on the site of Fallingwater's guest wing, while the clubhouse was about 1,100 feet (340 m) to the southeast.[[45]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-46)

[Edgar J. Kaufmann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_J._Kaufmann "Edgar J. Kaufmann") Sr., the president of [Kaufmann's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufmann's "Kaufmann's") Department Store in Pittsburgh,[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._7-44)[[46]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._36–37-47) had established a summer retreat at Bear Run for his employees by 1916.[[44]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._92-45)[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._8–9-48) Up to one thousand employees used the retreat each summer.[[48]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._92–93-49) In 1922, Edgar and his wife Liliane built a simple summer cabin on a nearby cliff, which was nicknamed the "Hangover" and lacked electricity, plumbing, or heating.[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._8–9-48)[[49]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._94-50) The Kaufmanns' permanent residence, at the time, was La Tourelle in [Fox Chapel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Chapel,_Pennsylvania "Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania").[[50]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-51) Kaufmann's employees eventually bought the Bear Run site in 1926,[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._8–9-48)[[48]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._92–93-49) and the Hangover was expanded in 1931.[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._8–9-48)[[49]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._94-50) After Kaufmann's Department Store employees stopped using the summer retreat,[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52)[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._95-53) the Kaufmann family bought the site in July 1933.[[53]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._98-54)

## Development

Edgar and Liliane Kaufmann became familiar with Wright's work through their only child, [Edgar Kaufmann Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Kaufmann_Jr. "Edgar Kaufmann Jr.").[[54]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-55)[[b]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-57) The younger Edgar had studied in Europe under the artist [Victor Hammer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hammer "Victor Hammer") from 1930 to 1933.[[56]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-58)[[57]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-59) After returning to the United States, in September 1934, Edgar Jr. traveled to Wright's Wisconsin studio, [Taliesin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin_(studio) "Taliesin (studio)"),[[58]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._178-60)[[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._11-61) and began apprenticing under Wright.[[60]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._12-62)[[61]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-63) Edgar Jr.'s parents met with Wright that November while visiting their son.[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._123-64)[[c]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-65) The architectural historian [Paul Goldberger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Goldberger "Paul Goldberger") credits Edgar Jr. as the second-most influential figure in Fallingwater's development, behind Wright himself.[[63]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Goldberger_y314-66)

### Planning

[![Fallingwater's facade as seen from one of its terraces](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/FallingwaterEaves.jpg/250px-FallingwaterEaves.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FallingwaterEaves.jpg)

Fallingwater's facade includes sandstone, reinforced concrete, metal, and glass.[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67)

Fallingwater was one of three major buildings that Frank Lloyd Wright designed in the 1930s, along with the [Johnson Wax Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Wax_Headquarters "Johnson Wax Headquarters") in [Racine, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racine,_Wisconsin "Racine, Wisconsin"), and [Herbert Jacobs's first house](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_and_Katherine_Jacobs_First_House "Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House") in [Madison, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin "Madison, Wisconsin").[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-68) When Wright was hired as Fallingwater's architect in late 1934, he was 67 years old,[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._11-61) and he had designed only two buildings in six years.[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._161-69)[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._236-70) Wright wanted to select a site "that has features making for character",[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Dorsey_1967-71) and Edgar Jr. recalled that when Wright visited Bear Run, he had been excited by the landscape he had seen.[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72) The Kaufmanns wanted Wright to design a building set far back from the road.[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._13-73) In late December 1934, Wright visited Bear Run and asked for a survey of the area around the waterfall.[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._13-73)[[71]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._138–139-74) His team drew up models of the house and site in Arizona,[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._13-73)[[72]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-75) and Wright asked the Kaufmanns to list every tree species on the site.[[73]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hornby_d823-76) A map of the site's [boulders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder "Boulder"), trees, and topography was completed and forwarded to Wright on March 9, 1935.[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._13-73)

The Kaufmanns asked Wright to include a large living–dining space, at least three bedrooms, a dressing room, and a guest and servant wing.[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._13-73) Edgar Sr. wanted to pay between $20,000 and $30,000 for construction.[[74]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._15-77)[[75]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Lowry_2005-78) Wright's apprentices [Edgar Tafel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Tafel "Edgar Tafel") and [Robert Mosher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mosher "Robert Mosher") were the most heavily involved in the building's design, while his employees [Mendel Glickman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel_Glickman?action=edit&redlink=1 "Mendel Glickman") and [William Wesley Peters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wesley_Peters "William Wesley Peters") were the structural engineers.[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._90-79) Wright postponed his sketches for Kaufmann's country home while designing another project for Kaufmann.[[74]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._15-77)[[77]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._141-80) Concurrently, Wright continued to formulate plans for the house's orientation, materials, and general shape and size.[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._150-81) Edgar Sr. called Wright on September 22, 1935, to inform the architect that he would visit Taliesin.[[79]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._16–17-82)[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Tafel_p._3-83) Wright's apprentices disagree on what exactly happened next, but the sketches were complete when Edgar Sr. arrived two hours later.[[79]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._16–17-82)[[81]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._181–182-84) Contrary to common claims that Wright had ignored the design for nine months before hurriedly sketching it, he had already devised the plans mentally[[74]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._15-77)[[75]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Lowry_2005-78)[[82]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Taylor_s692-85) and had written about them to Edgar Sr. multiple times.[[83]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._14-86)[[84]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._140-87)

Wright's plan called for a structure with exposed [cantilevers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever "Cantilever").[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._18-88)[[86]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._152-89) The house was to be placed on Bear Run's northern bank, oriented 30 degrees counterclockwise from due south, so that every room would receive natural light.[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._18-88)[[87]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._183–184-90) It also included terraces that resembled rock ledges.[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._18-88) Edgar Sr. had expected that the house would be downstream from Bear Run's waterfalls, allowing the Kaufmann family to see the cascades.[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91)[[89]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._214-92) This meant that the house would have faced north, with suboptimal amounts of natural light,[[89]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._214-92) so Wright instead designed the home above the waterfall.[[90]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-93)[[91]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-94) As he explained to Edgar Sr.: "I want you to live with the waterfall, not to look at it."[[79]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._16–17-82)[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95) Wright sent preliminary plans to Edgar Sr. for approval on October 15, 1935, after which Wright visited the site again.[[93]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter,_page_12-96)[[94]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._21-97) The Kaufmanns were impressed with the design, which Wright continued to work on.[[95]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._199-98)

[![The concrete terraces on Fallingwater's southern facade from across Bear Run. In the center is the limestone chimney.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Falling_water_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/250px-Falling_water_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Falling_water_-_panoramio_(1).jpg)

View of Fallingwater from across Bear Run

By January 1936, Wright's team had completed detailed drawings,[[96]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._23-99)[[95]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._199-98) which were largely unchanged from the initial sketches.[[96]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._23-99)[[97]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._205-100)[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keeran_1997-101) The next month, Wright's team sent the plans to Edgar Sr. for review, and workers began building a sample wall.[[96]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._23-99) Edgar Sr. asked engineers in Pittsburgh to review the blueprints for the highly experimental design.[[99]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._206-102)[[93]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter,_page_12-96)[[96]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._23-99) The engineers recommended against constructing a building on the site,[[100]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._24-103)[[101]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._200–201-104) citing at least eight structural issues.[[102]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bramson_1984-105)[[101]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._200–201-104) Either Wright or Edgar Sr. reportedly ordered the report to be sealed inside the building,[[93]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter,_page_12-96)[[100]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._24-103)[[103]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Guilfoil_1997-106) though Edgar Sr. is known to have kept a copy of the report.[[104]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._202-107) By early 1937, Wright's team was on its eighth set of drawings.[[105]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._195-108) In the final plans, Wright added a third floor and rearranged some rooms.[[106]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._186-109)

### Construction

Edgar Sr. wrote that he constantly thought about the house, "which has become part of me and a part of my life".[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bell_1995-40)[[107]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._203-110) Wright visited every four to six weeks,[[108]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sancetta_1999-111) appointing Mosher as his on-site representative.[[93]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter,_page_12-96)[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._33-112) Wright hired Walter J. Hall, a contractor from northern Pennsylvania.[[110]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._26-113)[[111]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Nark_2024-114)[[112]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._208–209-115) Hall's former employee Earl Friar was hired as a reinforced-concrete consultant.[[112]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._208–209-115) Edgar Jr. was heavily involved with the project and acted as an intermediary between his father and Wright,[[113]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._183-116) and several Kaufmann's employees and extended family members also worked on site.[[114]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._204-117) Work was carried out by local laborers,[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._33-112)[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Story_1999-118)[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Beers_1974-119) many of whom were inexperienced;[[114]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._204-117)[[117]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wardle_i378-120) they were paid between 35 and 85 cents an hour depending on their skill level.[[102]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bramson_1984-105)[[118]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffman_p._52-121)[[d]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-122) The project was characterized by conflicts between Wright, Kaufmann, and the contractors,[[111]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Nark_2024-114)[[93]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter,_page_12-96) as Wright prioritized the house's esthetics over any structural concerns.[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Puente_1999-123) Due to Hall's careless attitude and clumsiness, Mosher ended up supervising most of the work.[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._33-112)

#### Concrete and masonry work

A disused rock quarry nearby was reopened in late 1935 to provide stone for the house,[[93]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter,_page_12-96)[[94]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._21-97)[[107]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._203-110) although actual work on the foundation did not begin until April 1936.[[114]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._204-117) By then, construction was behind schedule.[[110]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._26-113) The masonry contractor, Norbert James Zeller, began building the house's access bridge shortly thereafter; he was later fired following disputes with Wright and Kaufmann.[[120]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._205-124)[[121]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-125) During a visit to the site shortly afterward, Mosher inquired where the main level of the house would be located, and Wright directed Mosher to use one of the boulders on site as a [datum reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datum_reference "Datum reference").[[108]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sancetta_1999-111)[[122]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._27-126)[[123]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._206-127) By June 1936, workers had completed the access bridge and the footers for three of the house's "bolsters", or [piers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_(architecture) "Pier (architecture)").[[124]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._29-128)[[125]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._207-129) However, Mosher ordered that the bolsters be rebuilt after receiving revised plans from Taliesin.[[125]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._207-129) Despite delays in delivering wood from [Algoma, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algoma,_Wisconsin "Algoma, Wisconsin"), workers had excavated the basement by that July.[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._33-112)

Workers began pouring concrete [formwork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formwork "Formwork") for the first-floor terrace in August 1936,[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._33-112)[[126]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._210-130) and masonry work reached the second story that month.[[127]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._37-131) As the first-floor terrace was being poured, Kaufmann asked the engineering firm Metzger-Richardson to draw up plans for extra [rebar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebar "Rebar") to the concrete.[[93]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter,_page_12-96)[[128]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._215-132)[[129]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-feldman-133) Wright rejected these plans because he believed the extra steel would overload the terraces,[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134)[[131]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hirsch_2014-135) and he also dismissed the idea of constructing additional supports in Bear Run's streambed.[[131]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hirsch_2014-135)[[132]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_pp._91–92-136) Contractors secretly added the rebar anyway,[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134)[[129]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-feldman-133) and when Wright heard about the increased rebar, he told Mosher to return to Taliesin.[[127]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._37-131)[[133]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_pp._12-13-137)[[134]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._218-138) Wright wrote angrily to Kaufmann: "I have put so much more into this house than you or any other client has a right to expect, that if I don't have your confidence—to hell with the whole thing".[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134)[[134]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._218-138)[[135]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Saffron_1999-139) Despite Kaufmann's expressions of confidence in Wright's work, the extra steel remained in place.[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Puente_1999-123)[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134) The second-floor terrace was poured in October 1936,[[136]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._220-140) and Tafel replaced Mosher as the construction supervisor afterward.[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._236-70)[[137]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-141)

The contractors neglected to incline the formwork slightly to account for [settling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settling "Settling") and [deflection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflection_(engineering) "Deflection (engineering)").[[133]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_pp._12-13-137)[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Civil_Engineering_1999-142)[[139]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._34-143) Soon after the concrete was poured, the parapet cracked at two locations.[[140]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._41-144)[[132]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_pp._91–92-136) Wright attempted to reassure Edgar Sr. by saying that cracked concrete was normal and safe, but Edgar Sr. remained skeptical.[[136]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._220-140)[[141]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._42-145) Once the formwork was removed, the first-floor terrace sank about 1.75 inches (4.4 cm).[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134) Glickman, contacted by Mosher, reportedly confessed that he had forgotten to account for the [compressive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressive_stress "Compressive stress") forces of the concrete beams,[[141]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._42-145)[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134) though the historian [Franklin Toker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Toker "Franklin Toker") disputes that this happened.[[128]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._215-132) Wright attributed the sagging to the parapets' weight,[[142]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._48-146) and he drew up plans to reinforce the western second-floor terrace and the roof above the eastern second-floor bedroom.[[143]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._49-147) Meanwhile, structural issues continued to arise: By December 1936, five major cracks had been detected.[[142]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._48-146)[[144]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._221-148) Mosher was reinstated as the project's supervisor, and Kaufmann's engineer installed a stone wall under the western second-floor terrace in January 1937.[[145]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._222-149) When Wright discovered the wall, he had Mosher remove the top [course](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_(architecture) "Course (architecture)") of stones;[[143]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._49-147)[[146]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-150) the wall was later disassembled entirely.[[147]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._226-151)

#### Completion

[![The hatch in the living room, which leads to a staircase to Bear Run](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fallingwater_-_ob%C3%BDvac%C3%AD_pokoj_6.png/250px-Fallingwater_-_ob%C3%BDvac%C3%AD_pokoj_6.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_-_obývací_pokoj_6.png)

The hatch for the living-room stairs *(pictured)* was manufactured by Hope's Windows Inc.[[148]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._50–51-152)

By early 1937, the installation of interior finishes had begun.[[149]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._223-153) Hope's Windows Inc. of [Jamestown, New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York "Jamestown, New York"), manufactured the window sashes and the hatch for the living-room stairs,[[148]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._50–51-152)[[150]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._224-154) while [Pittsburgh Plate Glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Plate_Glass "Pittsburgh Plate Glass") made the windows themselves.[[150]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._224-154) Wright also suggested covering the exteriors with [gold leaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_leaf "Gold leaf");[[118]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffman_p._52-121)[[151]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._28-155)[[152]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Milao_p._9-156) it is unclear whether Wright had made his suggestion jokingly or seriously.[[153]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._237-157) In either case, Edgar Sr. hired a gold-leaf contractor, who rejected the idea,[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bell_1995-40)[[153]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._237-157) and Wright subsequently suggested finishing the facade in white mica.[[154]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._53-158) Wright reportedly decided on the final color, a shade of [ocher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocher "Ocher"), after picking up a dried [rhododendron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhododendron "Rhododendron") leaf;[[155]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hazell_2001-159) he ordered waterproof paint from [DuPont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuPont "DuPont").[[150]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._224-154)[[154]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._53-158) At Kaufmann's request, Wright added a plunge pool at the bottom of the living-room stairs, and he retained the large boulder on the living room's floor.[[156]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._55–56-160)

Through mid-1937, workers continued to lay floor tiles, and they conducted tests on the terraces.[[156]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._55–56-160)[[157]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._225–226-161) In addition, the contractors refined plans for details such as the paint colors and metalwork.[[158]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._58-162) The cork tiles in the bathrooms were particularly problematic, since they had to be installed on curved surfaces.[[159]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._62–63-163) Wright hired the Wisconsin–based Gillen Woodworking Corporation to produce furniture for the house.[[160]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._65-164)[[161]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._218-165)[[162]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._237-166) The Kaufmanns moved into the house in November 1937,[[147]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._226-151) but the main house's furnishings were not completed until 1938.[[163]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._239-167) Wright came up with the Fallingwater name around the same time;[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95)[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._260-22) previously, the house had been known as the E. J. Kaufmann Residence or E. J. Kaufmann House.[[164]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._258-168) Even though some other American country estates (such as [Biltmore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biltmore_Estate "Biltmore Estate"), [Monticello](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monticello "Monticello"), or [Mount Vernon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vernon "Mount Vernon")) also used nicknames, the Kaufmanns did not use the Fallingwater name.[[165]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._259-261-169)

Wright began drawing out plans for a guest wing, replacing an existing cottage on a hill behind the main house.[[166]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-170) Wright had completed blueprints for the guest wing by May 1938, but the Kaufmanns initially objected to the interior layout and the bridge between the main and guest wings. After Wright presented final plans for the guest wing in April 1939, Edgar Jr. modified the main house's decorations and furnishings. By that September, the guest wing was being finished.[[167]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._78-171) Fallingwater exceeded its budget significantly.[[168]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Glancey_2001-172) The final cost for the home and guest house was $155,000 (equivalent to about $2.7 million in 2024).[[117]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wardle_i378-120)[[169]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-173)[[170]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-AP-WrightTrinity-174) The total cost was nearly four times Kaufmann's original budget, which in turn was ten times the average cost of a four-bedroom house in Pennsylvania at the time.[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kraft_1990-9) From 1938 through 1941, more than $22,000 was spent on additional details and modifications.[[118]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffman_p._52-121)

## Use as house

### Early years

[![Edgar Kaufmann Jr.'s bedroom](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Fallingwater_-_Gallery_at_stair_to_below_-_HABS_PA%2C26-OHPY.V%2C1-80.jpg/250px-Fallingwater_-_Gallery_at_stair_to_below_-_HABS_PA%2C26-OHPY.V%2C1-80.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_-_Gallery_at_stair_to_below_-_HABS_PA,26-OHPY.V,1-80.jpg)

Edgar Jr.'s bedroom in the third-story gallery

The Kaufmann family used Fallingwater as a weekend home for 26 years.[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52) The family took the train to the Bear Run station, where a chauffeur drove them to the house.[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52) Herbert Ohler was the property's caretaker until 1939, when he was replaced by Jesse Hall.[[171]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Morning_Herald_1959-175)[[172]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Daily_Courier_1959-176) Relatively few changes occurred after the guest wing was completed.[[173]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._88-177) The Kaufmanns sometimes invited small numbers of people to Fallingwater.[[174]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._90-178) It hosted guests such as the artists [Peter Blume](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Blume "Peter Blume"),[[175]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-179) [Pablo Picasso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso "Pablo Picasso"), and [Diego Rivera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Rivera "Diego Rivera"),[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Beers_1974-119) as well as the scientist [Albert Einstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein "Albert Einstein").[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pitz_2015-39) Over the years, the family also added artwork.[[176]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._85-180) Part of the Kaufmanns' Bear Run estate caught fire in 1941, although the house itself was undamaged.[[177]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-181) The estate's dairy barn burned down in 1945, but the main house again avoided damage.[[178]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-182)

Fallingwater showed signs of deterioration after its completion.[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._88-6) The house originally leaked in 50 places,[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12) though later investigations found that the leaks had arisen from errors made by the builders.[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72)[[142]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._48-146)[[e]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-183) The worsening condition of Fallingwater's terraces prompted Edgar Sr. to hire a surveyor in 1941.[[179]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-184)[[180]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_j609-185) Contravening his own surveyor's advice, Edgar Sr. did not expand the wall under the western terrace.[[181]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-:0-186) The terraces were surveyed 16 more times between 1945 and 1955.[[182]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_pp._262–263-187) Despite subsequent repairs to the parapet, the cracks there periodically reappeared.[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Civil_Engineering_1999-142) Fallingwater's problems were so numerous that Edgar Sr. referred to it as "Rising Mildew".[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Heyman_g090-5)

### After World War II

After World War II, the family spent winters at the [Kaufmann Desert House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufmann_Desert_House "Kaufmann Desert House") in [Palm Springs, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California "Palm Springs, California").[[173]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._88-177)[[183]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-188) Wright expanded the kitchen in 1946,[[184]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._5-189)[[185]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._88–90-190) and he drew up plans for never-built expansions of the dining area and foyer.[[174]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._90-178) Elsie Henderson was hired as the house's chef in 1947, working there for the next sixteen years.[[186]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-191) In 1950, and again in 1953, workers installed posts under the second floor to prevent it from sagging.[[187]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._91-192) Edgar Sr. observed that some windows had begun to crack and that some of the doors no longer opened easily.[[187]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._91-192) Furthermore, Edgar Sr. and Liliane's marriage had become strained, and Liliane wanted to build a house nearby in Ohiopyle.[[188]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._187-193) In the long run, the family wanted to donate Fallingwater.[[189]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Frost_1986-194)[[188]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._187-193)

Liliane died in 1952, and her husband died three years later.[[190]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Miller_1996-195)[[191]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-196) Edgar Jr. continued to use the house after his parents died.[[189]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Frost_1986-194)[[170]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-AP-WrightTrinity-174) He discontinued Fallingwater's annual structural surveys[[181]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-:0-186)[[192]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_1997-197) and instead had his chief of maintenance monitor the terraces.[[193]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._263-198) Edgar Jr. abandoned the estate's farm and mill, planting 100,000 pine trees there,[[171]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Morning_Herald_1959-175) and he strengthened the living-room hatch.[[194]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._92-199) The eastern section of the house's roof was rebuilt in 1954.[[184]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._5-189)[[187]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._91-192) The living room was flooded during a storm two years later; while the furniture was severely damaged, the house experienced no structural damage.[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72)[[194]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._92-199) By then, the sagging terraces had caused the window frames to warp, and workers had to add supports to the terraces, repair the roof, and rebuild the staircase between the living room and Bear Run.[[189]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Frost_1986-194) Jesse Hall retired as Fallingwater's superintendent in 1959.[[171]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Morning_Herald_1959-175)[[172]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Daily_Courier_1959-176)

## Use as museum

### 1960s and 1970s

Edgar Kaufmann Jr. announced in September 1963 that he would donate the house and about 1,500 acres (610 ha) to the [Western Pennsylvania Conservancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Conservancy "Western Pennsylvania Conservancy") (WPC).[[195]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Huxtable_t942-200)[[196]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_1963-201) In exchange, the WPC agreed to open the house to the public as a [house museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_house_museum "Historic house museum").[[196]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_1963-201) At the time, many of Wright's houses were being demolished or altered significantly.[[195]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Huxtable_t942-200) The conservancy took over the house on October 29, 1963,[[197]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._238-202) with a speech by Pennsylvania governor [William Scranton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Scranton "William Scranton").[[198]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Barcousky_2013-203)[[199]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-204) Edgar Jr. gave the WPC $500,000 for the house's maintenance, as well as five annual payments of $30,000 for educational programs.[[195]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Huxtable_t942-200)[[198]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Barcousky_2013-203) One local newspaper wrote: "We are indeed fortunate, here in Fayette County, to have such beauty."[[200]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-205) The museum was dedicated in memory of Edgar and Liliane Kaufmann.[[194]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._92-199)[[201]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-206) In subsequent years, the WPC's holdings were expanded to 5,000 acres (2,000 ha), becoming the Bear Run Natural Area.[[190]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Miller_1996-195)

In accordance with Edgar Jr.'s request, the WPC attempted to recreate the house's original appearance, furnishing the rooms with the family's possessions.[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[117]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wardle_i378-120) Edgar Jr. moved some of the house's artwork to his homes in New York, acquiring other work for the museum.[[202]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._241-207) Guided tours began in July 1964,[[203]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-208) running from April to November of each year.[[204]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-209)[[205]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Morning_Herald_1975-210) Visitors were allowed to enter most of the rooms[[206]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_c799-211)[[207]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Newsday_1968-212) but had to reserve tickets in advance.[[208]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_1964-213)[[209]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-214) Edgar Jr. remained involved with the WPC and Fallingwater for the rest of his life,[[63]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Goldberger_y314-66)[[210]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sharpe_1990-215) visiting the house twice annually until his death in 1989.[[211]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-216) The house began hosting scholars-in-residence during 1967,[[212]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-217) and Edward A. Robinson was appointed as the museum's supervisor in 1970.[[213]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-218) WPC members received free admission twice annually starting in 1973.[[214]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-219)

The facade was repainted in mid-1972,[[215]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-220) and the WPC added a gift shop to the museum next year.[[205]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Morning_Herald_1975-210)[[216]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Gigler_1974-221) The WPC began planning a visitor center in the early 1970s,[[217]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-222) and it hired the landscape architect [William G. Swain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_G._Swain?action=edit&redlink=1 "William G. Swain") to design renovations to the property.[[216]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Gigler_1974-221) The conservancy constructed new paths, repaved the existing trails with dark gravel, and added a small crafts store.[[216]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Gigler_1974-221) Fallingwater was repainted repeatedly over the years,[[194]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._92-199) and the WPC undertook a major exterior renovation in 1976.[[218]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Southwick_1976-223)[[219]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Pittsburgh_Press_1976-224) Mildew and repeated [freeze-and-thaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_weathering "Frost weathering") cycles had caused damage over time.[[219]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Pittsburgh_Press_1976-224)[[197]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._238-202) Afterward, the WPC began repairing the facade every three to four years.[[220]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Citizens'_Voice_1985-225) The visitor pavilion was still being developed by 1977;[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fales_1977-32)[[221]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Rohlf_1977-226) the new structure was to contain a shop, reception center, and child-care center.[[222]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-227) The original pavilion, designed by Grant Curry Jr.,[[223]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-228) opened in April 1979 and burned down two days later.[[224]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-229)

### 1980s and early 1990s

The WPC rebuilt the visitor pavilion,[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Haurwitz_1980-36) obtaining an $800,000 grant from the Edgar J. Kaufmann Foundation.[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Haurwitz_1981-35) The conservancy hired the architect [Paul Mayén](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Mayén "Paul Mayén"), along with Curry, Martin & Highberger to redesign the pavilion.[[36]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Miller_1981-37) The pavilion partially reopened in July 1980[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Haurwitz_1981-35)[[225]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-230) and was rededicated in June 1981.[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Haurwitz_1981-35)[[36]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Miller_1981-37) In addition, the [trellises](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trellis_(architecture) "Trellis (architecture)") at the front entrance were replaced in 1982 following a storm.[[226]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-231) The WPC began hosting limited wintertime tours in January 1984.[[227]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-232)[[228]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NYT_1984_i421-233) By then, the museum's annual expenses amounted to $400,000; despite high visitation, the WPC was just [breaking even](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_even "Breaking even") financially.[[228]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NYT_1984_i421-233) Lynda Waggoner was appointed as the house's curator the next year,[[229]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-WESA_2018_o043-234) later being promoted to director.[[210]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sharpe_1990-215) A restaurant also opened at the visitor center in 1985.[[220]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Citizens'_Voice_1985-225) During the late 1980s, the WPC spent at least $500,000 on repairs.[[230]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-n160798792-235) The organization restored 182 pieces of furniture for the house's 50th anniversary,[[231]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-236) and it hired a contractor from [Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkinsburg,_Pennsylvania "Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania"), to add waterproofing.[[232]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-237) The woodwork and terraces were also repaired, and the windows were replaced.[[230]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-n160798792-235)

[![View of Fallingwater's cantilevered terraces](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FallingwaterCantilever570320cv.jpg/250px-FallingwaterCantilever570320cv.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FallingwaterCantilever570320cv.jpg)

The [cantilevered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever "Cantilever") terraces at Fallingwater were sagging significantly by the late 1980s.

By the late 1980s, [acid rain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain "Acid rain") and freeze-and-thaw cycles had caused deterioration.[[233]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-238)[[234]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Preservation-239) The house was vulnerable to water damage because the site was always humid.[[235]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-n160799528-240)[[236]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-241) Even though most of the leaks had been repaired, rain and snow still pooled on the terraces and roof,[[237]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Aeppel_1994-242)[[235]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-n160799528-240) and water came in through the walls.[[230]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-n160798792-235) In addition, the ends of the terraces had sagged by 7 inches (180 mm),[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wald_w809-7)[[238]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_pp._90–91-243) tilting almost two degrees.[[180]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_j609-185) In 1992, the WPC hired John Seekircher to fix the living room's glass hatch, which had not been opened in two decades.[[239]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-244) Waggoner also planned to repaint the house, which was complicated by strict environmental regulations regarding Bear Run.[[237]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Aeppel_1994-242)

### 1990s and 2000s renovations

An engineering student, John Paul Huguley, first identified issues with the terraces in the mid-1990s.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95)[[135]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Saffron_1999-139) The WPC hired the engineer [Robert Silman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Silman?action=edit&redlink=1 "Robert Silman") to assess the terraces and design a permanent fix.[[180]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_j609-185)[[240]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-FallingDown-245)[[241]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Miller_1999-246) Silman's company confirmed that the terraces' cracks were growing.[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134)[[242]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sullivan_p._96-247) Though Silman's computer models also indicated that the terraces were at risk of collapsing,[[243]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._213-248)[[244]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-249) the WPC's chief executive, Larry Schweiger, said the terraces were not in danger of collapse.[[241]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Miller_1999-246) Waggoner recalled that the terraces were so brittle that visitors could actually feel them bounce.[[245]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Snyder_t680-250) Workers installed temporary girders in 1997[[180]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_j609-185)[[240]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-FallingDown-245) at a cost of $140,000.[[246]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Aeppel_1997-251) The girders were intended to help relieve stresses on the cantilevers.[[247]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-AR-1998-09-252) The WPC cut out a section of the floor,[[180]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_j609-185)[[248]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Broughton_1999-253) adding a glass opening;[[249]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Contract_2001-254) the living room's sofa was removed as well.[[192]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_1997-197)[[250]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Daily_American_1997-255) Temporary footings were installed in the streambed,[[246]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Aeppel_1997-251) and the stream was diverted to allow crews to access the terraces,[[250]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Daily_American_1997-255) In addition, two terraces were closed temporarily.[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Civil_Engineering_1999-142)

The engineering firm [Wank Adams Slavin Associates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wank_Adams_Slavin_Associates "Wank Adams Slavin Associates") was hired to design a large-scale restoration.[[251]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Engineering_News-Record_1999-256) Silman devised plans to [post-tension](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestressed_concrete#Post-tensioned_concrete "Prestressed concrete") the slabs by pulling high-strength steel cables through the beams.[[248]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Broughton_1999-253)[[252]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-AR-1999-05-257) The idea of [jacking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device) "Jack (device)") up the house was deemed infeasible because it would have exacerbated the cracks.[[247]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-AR-1998-09-252) A panel of engineers and architects endorsed Silman's proposal in early 1999,[[251]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Engineering_News-Record_1999-256)[[252]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-AR-1999-05-257) and the WPC began raising $6 million for structural repairs that year.[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Civil_Engineering_1999-142)[[180]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_j609-185)[[247]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-AR-1998-09-252) The WPC also discussed the structural issues with engineers, historians, and architects from around the world, including Wright's grandson [Eric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Lloyd_Wright "Eric Lloyd Wright").[[135]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Saffron_1999-139) The work was postponed by two years while the WPC raised money.[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wald_w809-7)[[249]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Contract_2001-254) The [Getty Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getty_Foundation "Getty Foundation") provided the WPC with a $70,000 grant to investigate the structural issues,[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Civil_Engineering_1999-142) and Fallingwater received approximately $900,000 through the federal [Save America's Treasures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_America's_Treasures "Save America's Treasures") program.[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Story_1999-118)[[253]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-258) Additionally, Pennsylvania governor [Tom Ridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Ridge "Tom Ridge") provided $3.5 million,[[254]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-259)[[255]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mamula_2000-260) and private donors provided another $7.2 million.[[256]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pitz_2000-261)

Work began in late 2001, at which point the restoration was estimated to cost $11.5 million.[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wald_w809-7)[[249]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Contract_2001-254)[[257]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-262) The outer end of the first-floor terrace was raised by approximately 0.5 inches (13 mm).[[258]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Spangler_2002-263)[[259]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Gonchar_2002-264) The post-tensioning phase cost about $4 million[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wald_w809-7)[[260]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Spangler_2001-265) and was completed in six months.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95) Though the terraces still had a noticeable sag,[[261]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._214-266) the post-tensioning prevented further damage to the terraces.[[129]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-feldman-133)[[234]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Preservation-239) The WPC also planned to strengthen one of the terraces using carbon fiber, rebuild the staircase from the living room to Bear Run, and repair water damage.[[255]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mamula_2000-260)[[242]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sullivan_p._96-247) Pamela Jerome of Wank Adams Slavin drew up plans to install roof membranes to improve drainage.[[262]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-267)[[252]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-AR-1999-05-257) Due to acid rain and emissions from a [coal-fired power station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_station "Coal-fired power station") nearby, the exterior also had to be repainted.[[263]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Rosenbaum_2003-268) Workers relocated some outbuildings and replaced the visitor center's sewage system.[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wald_w809-7)[[249]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Contract_2001-254) Signage, paths, and landscape features were rehabilitated as well.[[249]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Contract_2001-254)[[264]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wisconsin_State_Journal_2000-269) The house was connected to a municipal water system for the first time.[[264]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wisconsin_State_Journal_2000-269) Visitation increased after the renovations,[[263]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Rosenbaum_2003-268) which were largely completed in 2003.[[258]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Spangler_2002-263)[[263]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Rosenbaum_2003-268) Fallingwater received $100,000 for landscaping in late 2003;[[265]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-270) the next year, the entrance roadways were reconfigured,[[40]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_2005-41) and the sewage system was finished.[[266]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-271)

### Mid-2000s to present

[![The house as seen from the access bridge across Bear Run stream. The main portion of the house is to the right of the stream, and the living room juts out over the stream at the center.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fallingwater_20200718_2.jpg/250px-Fallingwater_20200718_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_20200718_2.jpg)

The house as seen from the access bridge

After the renovation was completed in 2005,[[267]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_2009-272) the WPC began removing [invasive species](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species "Invasive species") from the Fallingwater grounds that year.[[268]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Lowry_2005a-273)[[269]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-274) To prevent overcrowding, the WPC capped annual visitation at 135,000.[[270]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-n199525960-275) After [PPG Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPG_Industries "PPG Industries") donated glass panes in 2010, the WPC replaced 319 windows at the house,[[271]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-276) hiring a firm from [Peekskill, New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peekskill,_New_York "Peekskill, New York"), to help restore the windows.[[272]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-277) In the mid-2010s, one of Fallingwater's volunteer landscapers created a pottery terrace in one of the house's planters.[[273]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-278) One of the statues on the grounds was toppled and damaged during a rainstorm in 2017, and some trees were damaged as well.[[274]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-CBS_Baltimore_2017-279) Waggoner announced in 2017 that she would retire as the museum's director,[[275]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-280) and Justin W. Gunther was appointed to replace her.[[276]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-281)[[277]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_m222-282) After becoming Fallingwater's director, Gunther devised plans for a $3 million waterproofing project, which was supposed to have begun in 2019.[[277]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_m222-282)[[278]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hughes_t848-283)

The museum was temporarily closed in March 2020 due to the [COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania "COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania"); the outdoor spaces reopened for self-guided tours that June.[[279]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-284)[[280]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Herald-Standard_2020_o735-285) The same September, the Pennsylvania government gave Fallingwater nearly $240,000 to offset financial losses from the pandemic.[[280]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Herald-Standard_2020_o735-285) In addition, a [photovoltaic power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station "Photovoltaic power station") array was installed at Fallingwater in 2022 to help power the main house and guest wing.[[281]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hickman_2022-286)[[282]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-287) Meanwhile, the cost of the waterproofing project doubled due to the pandemic.[[277]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_m222-282)[[278]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hughes_t848-283) Much of the waterproofing installed in the 1990s had been washed away,[[277]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_m222-282) and water entered the house through small cracks in the walls, door frames, and window frames.[[283]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-wp-2025-08-25-288) The WPC started patching the leaks in 2025, and scaffolding was placed around the house, which remained open for tours during the repairs.[[283]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-wp-2025-08-25-288)[[284]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Thomas_i001-289) The project was complete by March 2026, when the scaffolding was removed.[[285]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-290)

## Architecture

Fallingwater has been described as an example of Wright's [organic architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_architecture "Organic architecture").[[286]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Netto_2011-291)[[287]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Decker_a056-292) Though the house is also sometimes described as a [Modern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture "Modern architecture")-styled building, *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")* wrote that the design was "a kind of streamlined, handmade, organic architecture" not emulated by other architects.[[286]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Netto_2011-291) The site's natural setting may have been inspired by [Japanese architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_architecture "Japanese architecture"), a style Wright liked.[[288]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Zengerle_1989-293)[[289]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_n216-294) Fallingwater's design shares elements with Wright's earlier [Prairie houses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_house "Prairie house")[[290]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_pp._205–206-295)[[291]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._165-296)[[f]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-297) and his later [Usonian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usonian "Usonian") houses.[[292]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fazzare_l597-298) Elements such as trellises are derived from [Italian architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_architecture "Italian architecture"), while the kitchen is inspired by [New England colonial architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_colonial_architecture "American colonial architecture").[[291]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._165-296) Wright's design for the facade also shares similarities with an unbuilt villa designed by [Mies van der Rohe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe "Ludwig Mies van der Rohe"),[[293]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._172-299) and the cantilevers resemble those in three structures designed by [Rudolph Schindler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Schindler_(architect) "Rudolph Schindler (architect)").[[294]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._174–175-300) Wright tried to preserve natural features; for example, he installed braces and trellises around existing trees.[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52)[[220]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Citizens'_Voice_1985-225)[[295]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ruddock_1981-301)

The main house is three stories high.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[296]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keyes_1938-302) Wright sought to blur the distinction between the exterior and interior, using the same materials indoors and outdoors.[[297]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._231-303)[[298]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-O'Brien_1980-304) He also wanted breezes to be felt, and the waterfalls to be heard, throughout the house.[[287]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Decker_a056-292) Wright built Fallingwater out of Pottsville sandstone,[[299]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Centre_Daily_Times_1995-305)[[153]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._237-157) in addition to [reinforced concrete](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete "Reinforced concrete"), steel, and [plate glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_glass "Plate glass").[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) The concrete is a mixture of sand, cement, and gravel from the streambed.[[300]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-306) All the woodwork in the house is made of [black walnut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_walnut "Black walnut") from [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina "North Carolina"),[[153]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._237-157)[[301]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._80-307) which was selected because it did not warp as other types of wood did.[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fales_1977-32) Decorative motifs, such as courses of stone and [wood grains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_grain "Wood grain"), are oriented horizontally.[[295]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ruddock_1981-301)[[302]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-308) Several of the design features—including the corner windows, foam-rubber seats, and indirect lighting—were uncommon when Fallingwater was completed.[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Beers_1974-119)[[303]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_r683-309)

### Exterior

[![A view of the bridge leading to the entrance of Fallingwater, as seen from across the Bear Run stream. The bridge is at right, and Fallingwater is to the left.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/FallingwaterPathway.jpg/250px-FallingwaterPathway.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FallingwaterPathway.jpg)

Bridge leading to the entrance of Fallingwater

[![Horizontal trellis bars over Fallingwater's driveway](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fallingwater_%2814176825958%29.jpg/250px-Fallingwater_%2814176825958%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_(14176825958).jpg)

The trellises over Fallingwater's driveway; the entrance is to the left

The facade uses three colors: gray for the sandstone, a light-[ocher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochre "Ochre") "dead rhododendron" color for the concrete, and Cherokee red for the steel.[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bell_1995-40)[[304]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Salant_n929-310)[[g]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-311) Red was used because Wright believed that the hue was an "invincible" color of life[[83]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._14-86)[[305]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-312)[[h]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-313) and because it was the color of burning metal.[[158]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._58-162)[[306]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._54-314) The house's windows have metal casings,[[307]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Podger_1991-315) which are painted Cherokee red.[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) The windows are embedded directly into the facade, with no visible vertical [mullions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullion "Mullion"); they only contain horizontal [transom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transom_(architecture) "Transom (architecture)") bars.[[218]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Southwick_1976-223)[[295]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ruddock_1981-301) Some of the house's corners have windows that open inward.[[307]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Podger_1991-315)[[308]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._56-316)

The roof has rolled edges[[309]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sullivan_p._95-317) and is covered with beige gravel, blending in with the color of the facade.[[152]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Milao_p._9-156)[[148]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._50–51-152) The northern [elevation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation_(architecture) "Elevation (architecture)") of the house's facade contains masonry walls with [setbacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setback_(architecture) "Setback (architecture)"), which were intended to replicate the textures of the cliff opposite it.[[310]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._40-318) The house's [chimney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney "Chimney") is covered in striated sandstone[[292]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fazzare_l597-298) and rises 30 feet (9.1 m) above the first story.[[122]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._27-126)[[295]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ruddock_1981-301)

The house is accessed by a 28-foot-long (8.5 m) bridge across Bear Run.[[122]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._27-126) At either end of the bridge are [planters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowerpot "Flowerpot") made of rough stone.[[151]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._28-155) There is a rectangular concrete panel at the middle of the bridge deck, with square, inlaid lights.[[311]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-319) Heading north from the bridge, the pathway curves to the west.[[312]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._213-320) The entrance is reached via a driveway with horizontal trellises overhead, which doubles as a [porte-cochère](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porte-cochère "Porte-cochère").[[310]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._40-318)[[312]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._213-320) The main doorway is recessed from the facade.[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[206]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_c799-211) There is a small fountain next to the entrance,[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[313]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-321) where the Kaufmanns could wash their feet after going into Bear Run.[[314]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Deitz_u452-322)

#### Terraces

Fallingwater has many cantilevered terraces,[[296]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keyes_1938-302)[[238]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_pp._90–91-243) which are made of concrete.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[189]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Frost_1986-194) The terraces are supported only at one end, extending outward from the house's chimney.[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[189]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Frost_1986-194) All the terraces have [parapets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapet "Parapet") with rounded tips, which are covered with [stucco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stucco "Stucco")[[152]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Milao_p._9-156) and were intended to strengthen the terraces.[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fales_1977-32)[[315]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._216–217-323) The parapets are 26 inches (660 mm) high, much shorter than what is allowed under modern building codes.[[277]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bernstein_m222-282) At the time of the house's construction, neither cantilevers nor reinforced concrete were commonplace.[[309]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sullivan_p._95-317) Wright likened the terraces to tree branches[[189]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Frost_1986-194) and, as one [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") writer described it, "a tray balancing on the fingers of a waiter".[[108]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sancetta_1999-111) The terraces have also been compared to horizontal trays[[316]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-O'Hara_1964-324) and to a treehouse.[[317]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._3-325) The horizontal axes of the terraces also contrasts with the vertical axis of the darker-gray chimney.[[29]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._211-30)

[![The living-room cantilever as seen from the bridge leading to the house. There is a staircase from the living room to Bear Run, the stream that flows beneath the living room.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Fallingwater_-_DSC05600.JPG/250px-Fallingwater_-_DSC05600.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_-_DSC05600.JPG)

The living-room cantilever as seen from the bridge leading to the house. The staircase from the living room to Bear Run is also visible here.

The primary section of the main house, which includes the living room, runs perpendicular to the stream[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._212-23) and is carried on an enclosed terrace.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95) The underside of the terrace is made of a reinforced-concrete slab[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._90-79)[[242]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sullivan_p._96-247) and is supported at one end by four "bolsters" or [piers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_(architecture) "Pier (architecture)").[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._90-79)[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._150-81)[[131]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hirsch_2014-135) There is a grid of cantilevered beams and [joists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joist "Joist") above the slab, which is similar in shape to an inverted [coffered ceiling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffered_ceiling "Coffered ceiling").[[242]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sullivan_p._96-247)[[318]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._212-326) Above the grid are wooden planks, which are covered by the living room's stone floor tiles.[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._90-79) Additional outdoor terraces run to the east and west of the living room;[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134) the western terrace protrudes past the kitchen's western wall.[[319]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._32-327)

Each of the bedrooms has its own outdoor terrace.[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72)[[303]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_r683-309) On the second floor's southern side is another terrace,[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95) which extends further outward than the living room below it.[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134)[[131]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hirsch_2014-135)[[320]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._216-328) The terrace was missing rebar at key points,[[320]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._216-328) so it instead rested partially on four vertical [mullions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullion "Mullion") along the southern wall of the living room.[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wald_w809-7)[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._91-134)[[242]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sullivan_p._96-247) On the eastern end of the second floor are eight trellis beams and a glass canopy above the living room.[[321]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._40-329) On the western side of the house, there is another terrace above the second floor,[[321]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._40-329) with stairs to Edgar Sr.'s second-floor bedroom and Edgar Jr.'s third-floor study.[[322]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._219-330)[[323]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-331) The second floor's eastern terrace, serving the guest bedroom, is the only one in the house with a canopy.[[324]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._84-332)

### Interior

[![Floor plan of the second story](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fallingwaterfloorplan.jpg/250px-Fallingwaterfloorplan.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwaterfloorplan.jpg)

Second-floor plan

Fallingwater's asymmetrical floor plan was loosely derived from the [cruciform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciform "Cruciform") plan of the Prairie houses.[[99]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._206-102) It has a floor area of 5,330 square feet (495 m2),[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Centre_Daily_Times_2014-16)[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95) of which 2,445 square feet (227.1 m2) is composed of outdoor terraces.[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._150-81)[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95)[[304]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Salant_n929-310) The remaining 2,885 square feet (268.0 m2) is indoors.[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._150-81)[[304]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Salant_n929-310) Including the guest wing and terraces, there is about 8,000 square feet (740 m2) of space.[[299]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Centre_Daily_Times_1995-305) The walls, chimney, and piers are made of sandstone from the surrounding area.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25) The house's [superstructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstructure "Superstructure") does not use any steel [I-beams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-beam "I-beam"),[[86]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._152-89) but it does use folded slabs of reinforced concrete for structural support.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) Steel was used for the windows and doors. The floors have black-walnut [millwork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millwork "Millwork") as well as sandstone finishes.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25) The terraces' subfloors are made of redwood timbers.[[148]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_pp._50–51-152)[[318]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._212-326)

The house has four bedrooms.[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Beers_1974-119)[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Puente_1999-123)[[324]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._84-332)[[i]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-334) Fallingwater has smaller spaces leading to larger rooms, an example of Wright's [compression-and-release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_and_release "Compression and release") principle;[[292]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fazzare_l597-298)[[326]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-335) one source described the interiors as "spaces of varying sizes and shapes that seem to flow from one to the other".[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keeran_1997-101) The hallways have low ceilings to prevent loitering[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91) and to create a cave-like atmosphere.[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52)[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) There are windows at the ends of the hallways.[[327]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._233-336) Wright also shrank the bedrooms to encourage occupants to use the terrace.[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91)[[328]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._59-337) Wright, who was 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) tall, designed the house based on the assumption that the average person was his height, so some ceilings are as low as 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m).[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Dorsey_1967-71)[[168]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Glancey_2001-172)[[329]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._228-338) The highest ceilings are 9 feet (2.7 m).[[168]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Glancey_2001-172) The three rooms in the chimney—the first-floor kitchen and two bedrooms above—are the only rooms in the house with identical dimensions.[[330]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._192-339) Although the first story is wheelchair-accessible, the other stories are not,[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Story_1999-118)[[206]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_c799-211) and there is no space for an elevator in the house.[[331]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Beras_r285-340)

Interior decorations, including lights with [dentils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentil "Dentil") and shields, were intended to contrast with the exterior design.[[161]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._218-165) Some interior design elements (such as furniture, shelves, and the beam on which the kitchen kettle is hung) are cantilevered,[[206]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_c799-211)[[299]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Centre_Daily_Times_1995-305) while others (including niches and stairs) incorporate circular arcs.[[303]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_r683-309)[[328]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._59-337) The spaces are illuminated by indirect lighting, a novelty for residential buildings at the time of Fallingwater's completion.[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Dorsey_1967-71)[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72)[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Puente_1999-123) The illumination is primarily composed of [fluorescent lights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp "Fluorescent lamp") covered by shields, though there are also desktop and tabletop lamps,[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72)[[316]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-O'Hara_1964-324) which are made of bronze with wooden shields.[[332]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._240–241-341) Wright placed the house's toilets about 10.5 inches (270 mm) above the floor,[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wald_w809-7) as he believed that a [squatting position](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatting_position "Squatting position") was healthier than sitting atop a standard American toilet.[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kraft_1990-9)[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12) In addition, he clad the bathrooms with cork tiles,[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52)[[316]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-O'Hara_1964-324)[[333]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._62-342) and he ordered industrial-sized shower heads to make visitors feel like they were under a waterfall.[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kraft_1990-9)[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91)

#### First story

[![Refer to caption](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fallingwater_-_ob%C3%BDvac%C3%AD_pokoj.png/250px-Fallingwater_-_ob%C3%BDvac%C3%AD_pokoj.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_-_obývací_pokoj.png)

Furniture in the living area

The ground or first story contains the main entrance, the living area (which is cantilevered above the waterfall), and the kitchen.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[296]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keyes_1938-302) The first story has a waxed stone floor, an allusion to the stream flowing below it.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67)[[206]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_c799-211)[[30]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._190-31) The bolsters divide the house into four [bays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_(architecture) "Bay (architecture)") from west to east,[[334]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._30-343) each of which measures 12 feet (3.7 m) wide.[[319]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._32-327) The main entrance, within the easternmost bay,[[334]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._30-343) leads to a small foyer with stone walls.[[335]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._47-344) There is a niche for storing coats and scarves.[[314]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Deitz_u452-322) Three steps ascend from the foyer to the living room.[[312]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._213-320)[[335]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._47-344)

The living area occupies the center two bays.[[334]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._30-343)[[j]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-346) The room also functions as a study and dining area[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) and, as such, has been described as a [great room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_room "Great room").[[99]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._206-102)[[337]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cohn_2005-347) A niche on one wall was intended as a music area.[[306]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._54-314) On the western wall,[[336]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._234-345) another 6-foot-tall (1.8 m) niche includes a fireplace,[[338]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._76-348) whose [hearth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearth "Hearth") is made of boulders from the site.[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91)[[296]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keyes_1938-302) In the niche is a [cast iron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron "Cast iron") kettle suspended from a swinging arm.[[158]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._58-162)[[338]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._76-348)[[339]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._218-349) In front of the fireplace, a 7-foot-long (2.1 m) boulder protrudes from the floor.[[189]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Frost_1986-194) Wright had wanted to shave the top of the boulder, but Edgar Sr. insisted that it be kept.[[89]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._214-92)[[108]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sancetta_1999-111)[[308]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._56-316) A dining area, on the living room's northern wall,[[327]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._233-336)[[301]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._80-307)[[339]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._218-349) adjoins a stone staircase to the upper stories.[[339]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._218-349)[[340]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._82-350) The eastern wall has a small library. Two stone piers, in the middle of the room, support a [coved ceiling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coved_ceiling "Coved ceiling").[[336]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._234-345)

There are windows on three sides of the living room,[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52)[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) as well as doors to the western and eastern terraces.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25) From the eastern terrace, a stairway ascends to the second floor.[[341]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-351) The living area also has a glass-enclosed hatch,[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67)[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91)[[89]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._214-92) which covers a concrete stairway descending into Bear Run.[[296]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keyes_1938-302)[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._209-33) Despite Edgar Sr.'s doubts about the hatch, Wright and Edgar Jr. had insisted that the stair was "absolutely necessary from every standpoint".[[113]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._183-116)[[139]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._34-143) The stairs are mostly underneath a canopy,[[321]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._40-329)[[342]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._56-352) except the lowest steps, which are beneath a semicircular [lightwell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightwell "Lightwell").[[342]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._56-352) The stairs end at a landing just above the stream.[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._209-33) There is a shallow [plunge pool](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunge_pool "Plunge pool") at the bottom of the stairway,[[k]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-354) which is fed by a reservoir.[[124]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._29-128)[[343]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._32-353) The Kaufmanns kept the hatch open during the summer.[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72)

A doorway connects the living area with the kitchen,[[338]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._76-348)[[339]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._218-349) which occupies the house's westernmost bay.[[334]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._30-343) Unlike the other rooms in the house, the kitchen is a utilitarian space;[[303]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_r683-309)[[344]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._79-355) one writer described it as having a cave-like atmosphere.[[339]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._218-349) An annex adjoins the kitchen to the west.[[174]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._90-178) When the Kaufmanns lived there, Liliane seldom used the kitchen.[[338]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._76-348)[[336]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._234-345)

#### Other stories

[![A black-and-white image of the southwest corner of the guest bedroom](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fallingwater_-_Southwest_corner_of_Guest_Bedroom_-_HABS_PA%2C26-OHPY.V%2C1-60.jpg/250px-Fallingwater_-_Southwest_corner_of_Guest_Bedroom_-_HABS_PA%2C26-OHPY.V%2C1-60.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_-_Southwest_corner_of_Guest_Bedroom_-_HABS_PA,26-OHPY.V,1-60.jpg)

The guest bedroom

From the main staircase's second-story landing, steps lead up and down to the various rooms and terraces.[[328]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._59-337) The second floor contains two bedrooms.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25) There is a master bedroom above the middle of the living room.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[334]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._30-343) The master bedroom has custom movable shelves and bedside lighting,[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) glass doors to the master-bedroom terrace,[[322]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._219-330) and an ornate [fireplace mantel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireplace_mantel "Fireplace mantel") with three large rocks.[[333]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._62-342)[[345]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-356) There is a dressing room above the kitchen,[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[334]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._30-343)[[322]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._219-330) as well as a second bedroom (originally used by guests) above the eastern portion of the living room.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bell_1995-40) These rooms have simpler fireplaces.[[333]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._62-342) The bedroom ceilings decrease in height from wall to wall.[[140]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._41-144)[[295]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ruddock_1981-301) A gallery connects with a footbridge over the house's driveway, which leads to the guest wing[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[346]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._83-357) and is covered by a terrace.[[176]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._85-180) There is a moss garden and part of a cliff face next to the footbridge.[[347]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-358)

The third story's concrete floor slab is folded for additional strength.[[140]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._41-144) There is a bedroom directly above the second-story dressing room,[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[334]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._30-343)[[322]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._219-330) which Edgar Jr. used as a study.[[325]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._121-333) The study's fireplace mantel is made of red stone from the site.[[333]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._62-342)[[348]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-359) Liliane used the third-story terrace as a [roof garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_garden "Roof garden") with herbs.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) On the third floor is a dead-end gallery, which was originally intended to connect with the footbridge over the driveway,[[173]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._88-177)[[349]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._122-360) but instead functioned as a bedroom for Edgar Jr.[[349]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._122-360) A set of stairs descends to the western second-story terrace.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[346]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._83-357)

The house also has a cellar with space for a partial bathroom, storage, and a boiler room,[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72)[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._33-112) in addition to a [wine cellar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_cellar "Wine cellar").[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._150-81) There are exposed pipes and boilers in the cellar,[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72)[[220]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Citizens'_Voice_1985-225) and heat pipes are embedded in the walls.[[220]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Citizens'_Voice_1985-225)

### Guest wing

[![An image of the path from the main house to guest wing. Above the path is a concrete canopy with "steps", which appears as though it is floating.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fallingwater_walkway_cover.jpg/250px-Fallingwater_walkway_cover.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_walkway_cover.jpg)

Path from main house to guest wing

The footbridge from the main house connects to a curved [breezeway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breezeway "Breezeway") or open-air walkway,[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Dorsey_1967-71)[[328]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._59-337)[[184]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._5-189) which in turn connects with a guest and servant wing.[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._209-33)[[350]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._239-361) The walkway runs underneath a stepped concrete canopy,[[346]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._83-357)[[351]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Creager_2012-362)[[352]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._136-363) supported by steel posts along one side.[[176]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._85-180)[[352]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._136-363) The path curves around the site of a large oak tree that was removed in 2001.[[268]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Lowry_2005a-273) The walkway includes a small rock pool with a sculpture and a boulder that has water cascading down it.[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91)[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) The cascade was not part of the original plans but was added after workers discovered a hidden spring near the boulder.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67)

The guest wing's ceilings are typically 7 feet 4 inches (2.24 m) tall,[[329]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._228-338) and it has a lounge, bedroom, and bathroom.[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bell_1995-40)[[184]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._5-189)[[353]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-364) The lounge has a stone fireplace mantel,[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._82-34) a hidden wardrobe, [clerestory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerestory "Clerestory") windows and shelves on one wall,[[354]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-365) and a bench that doubles as a bed.[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._82-34)[[355]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-366) The adjoining guest room is adjacent to an outdoor swimming pool.[[356]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._152-367) The guest pool, measuring 31 feet (9.4 m) long[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._82-34) and 6 feet (1.8 m) deep, is fed by water from a spring.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67)[[357]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-368) The guest wing's bathroom has a mirror designed by Edgar Jr.[[356]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._152-367)

Adjacent to the guest house is a [carport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carport "Carport") with four parking spots, which is accessed from the house's driveway[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._209-33)[[167]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._78-171) and has a tall concrete wall.[[358]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._161-369) The carport and guest wing are connected by a chimney and recessed stair.[[167]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._78-171)[[359]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-370) There are three bedrooms and a bathroom above the carport, which are used by staff.[[167]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._78-171)[[184]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._5-189)[[350]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._239-361) These rooms contain the same finishes as the main house.[[184]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._5-189)[[358]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._161-369) Extending southeast of the guest wing is a terrace with a cantilevered canopy.[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._82-34) A garage on the upper story was designed in 1947 but not built.[[174]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._90-178)[[350]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._239-361)

## Collection

Fallingwater's collection includes over 1,000 objects.[[360]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wari_2017-371) Until the 2000s renovation, the house had no air conditioning or curtains. This, along with high humidity and high levels of [ultraviolet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet "Ultraviolet") light, has made the collection particularly vulnerable to damage.[[229]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-WESA_2018_o043-234)

### Furnishings and furniture

[![The interior of Fallingwater, showing a sitting area with furnishings designed by Wright. There is a white sofa on the left and some cushions in different colors.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Fallingwater_sitting_area.jpg/250px-Fallingwater_sitting_area.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_sitting_area.jpg)

The interior of Fallingwater, showing a sitting area with furnishings designed by Wright

Half of the house's furniture is built-in, while the other half is movable.[[162]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._237-166) Wright, who believed that his clients should not arbitrarily swap out decoration,[[317]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._3-325)[[162]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._237-166) designed most of Fallingwater's built-in furniture.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._2-25)[[307]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Podger_1991-315) There are nearly 200 pieces of furniture,[[73]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hornby_d823-76)[[l]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-372) including wooden wardrobes, chairs, cabinets, tables, and backboards.[[361]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._66-373) Many objects have walnut finishes to prevent moisture buildups, and many of the walls have wooden shelves and trim.[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[361]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._66-373) Among the original furnishings are sheepskin rugs, a sheepskin couch,[[296]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keyes_1938-302) foam-rubber seats,[[362]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._68-374)[[316]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-O'Hara_1964-324) and cantilevered tables.[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12) Edgar Jr. helped Wright design sliding shelves for some of the cabinets.[[363]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-375) The WPC owns the trademarks to the pieces of furniture that Wright designed.[[364]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-376)

The living room's expandable dining table, which could seat about 18 people,[[301]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._80-307) conceals a pier underneath.[[99]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_p._206-102) Each bedroom's [headboard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headboard_(furniture) "Headboard (furniture)") is located on the room's eastern wall so the Kaufmanns would not wake up with sun in their eyes.[[218]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Southwick_1976-223) Some of the furniture, including a desk in Edgar Sr.'s study,[[206]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_c799-211)[[365]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-377) has rounded cutouts to accommodate the corner windows, which swing inward.[[361]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._66-373)[[366]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._240-378) The house also has wooden radiator cases,[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67) and the kitchen has metal cabinets and a stove.[[160]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._65-164)[[344]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._79-355) The Kaufmanns bought other objects for the house, including [Tiffany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Comfort_Tiffany "Louis Comfort Tiffany") lamps.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hartzok_1992-67)[[307]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Podger_1991-315) The family also acquired objects through trips to Mexico and through Edgar Jr.'s connections with New York's [Museum of Modern Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art "Museum of Modern Art") (MoMA).[[367]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._236-379) Most of the Kaufmanns' furnishings remain in place,[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12)[[117]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wardle_i378-120)[[289]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_n216-294) though some objects, such as rugs and pillowcases, have been replaced over the years.[[368]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-380)

The Kaufmanns occasionally rejected some of Wright's suggested decorations and furnishings.[[369]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_pp._221–230-381) For instance, Edgar Sr. refused Wright's designs for custom rugs, floor lamps, and chairs.[[369]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_pp._221–230-381)[[370]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._69-382) The Kaufmanns, unhappy with Wright's original barrel-shaped seats, bought three-legged stools, which provided more stability on the irregular stone floors.[[307]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Podger_1991-315)[[370]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._69-382) For the most part, the windows did not have drapes or shades,[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Dorsey_1967-71) since Wright wanted the windows to be unobstructed.[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91) Liliane ordered privacy blinds for the guest bedroom's windows,[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91)[[371]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Shoup_1982-383) and shelves were installed across the living room's windows.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keeran_1997-101)[[372]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._75-384) In another case, a local newspaper described a rumor that the Kaufmans hid a set of tables whenever Wright came over, because he disliked them.[[218]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Southwick_1976-223)

### Art

When Fallingwater was finished, Wright gifted the Kaufmanns six Japanese [woodblock prints](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodblock_printing "Woodblock printing") by [Hiroshige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshige "Hiroshige") and [Hokusai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokusai "Hokusai").[[360]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wari_2017-371)[[373]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._238-385) The rest of Fallingwater's art was selected by the Kaufmanns, who liked collecting art from a variety of cultures.[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wecker_s764-56) The multicolored artwork in the house contrasts with the ocher, gray, and red tones of the exterior.[[161]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._218-165) The main house contains artwork from countries such as Japan, Morocco, and Mexico,[[360]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wari_2017-371) as well as religious artworks.[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wecker_s764-56) During visits to the house, Wright sometimes recommended artwork for the Kaufmanns to acquire.[[373]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._238-385)

The art collection includes pieces such as Diego Rivera's *El Sueño* and Pablo Picasso's *The Smoker* and *The Artist and his Model*.[[360]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wari_2017-371) The mural *Madonna and Child*, painted in the 18th century by an unknown artist, is placed at the second-floor staircase landing.[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wecker_s764-56) Liliane's bedroom features a niche with a wooden sculpture of *Madonna and Child*, which was carved c. 1420,[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wecker_s764-56)[[374]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Shaw_m548-386) while Edgar Sr.'s room includes two busts by [Richmond Barthé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Barthé "Richmond Barthé").[[360]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wari_2017-371)[[374]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Shaw_m548-386) Edgar Jr.'s study includes a marble sculpture by [Jean Arp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Arp "Jean Arp") and an abstract landscape by [Lyonel Feininger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyonel_Feininger "Lyonel Feininger").[[374]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Shaw_m548-386) A portrait of Edgar Sr. by [Victor Hammer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hammer "Victor Hammer") hangs next to the dining area.[[340]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._82-350)[[360]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wari_2017-371)[[374]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Shaw_m548-386) The bottom of the house's plunge pool contains [Jacques Lipchitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lipchitz "Jacques Lipchitz")'s sculpture *Mother and Child.*[[274]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-CBS_Baltimore_2017-279)[[375]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-387) One of the house's original artworks, *The Horseman* by [Marino Marini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marino_Marini_(sculptor) "Marino Marini (sculptor)"), was destroyed in a 1956 flood.[[202]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._241-207)

The outbuildings and grounds have other pieces of art. The guesthouse includes woodblock prints and an 1877 landscape painting by [José María Velasco Gómez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_María_Velasco_Gómez "José María Velasco Gómez"), while the guest wing's pool has an abstract sculpture by [Peter Voulkos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Voulkos "Peter Voulkos").[[374]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Shaw_m548-386) The grounds also contain three sculptures by [Mardonio Magaña](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardonio_Magaña "Mardonio Magaña"),[[360]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wari_2017-371) and there are also items such as a [Hindu god](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_god "Hindu god")'s head and a [Buddha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha "Buddha") statue.[[26]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fulford_2015-27)[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wecker_s764-56) Other artworks included a silk screen by [Marcel Duchamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp "Marcel Duchamp").[[218]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Southwick_1976-223) After the WPC took over Fallingwater, the collection was expanded with murals and sculptures by Picasso, Lyonel Feininger, Luisa Rota, and [Bryan Hunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Hunt "Bryan Hunt").[[202]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._241-207) Edgar Jr. also donated some of his own books to the museum.[[376]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Goldberger_1986-388)

## Management

### Tours and programs

[![A view toward Fallingwater's main house from an outdoor path just outside its guest wing. The path is covered by a canopy. The main house can be seen down the hill.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Fallingwater_from_the_guest_house.jpg/250px-Fallingwater_from_the_guest_house.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_from_the_guest_house.jpg)

Fallingwater as seen from its guest wing

The Western Pennsylvania Conservancy maintains Fallingwater, as well as the 5,000-acre (2,000 ha) Bear Run Natural Area surrounding it.[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Story_1999-118)[[299]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Centre_Daily_Times_1995-305) The WPC's logo for the house, as of 2026[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fallingwater&action=edit), is inspired by a typeface devised by Edgar Kaufmann Jr.[[377]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-389) The WPC hosts tours of the house,[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52)[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91) which typically run between March and November of each year.[[378]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-VisitPA_i621-390)[[379]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Citizens'_Voice_2004-391) In addition, during December, there are tours on weekends and during the last week of the year.[[378]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-VisitPA_i621-390)

There are several types of tours, which cover different parts of the house.[[292]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fazzare_l597-298) Standard tours cover only part of the house and do not allow photography;[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52)[[351]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Creager_2012-362) extended tours, which do allow photographs, cover the entire house.[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52) There are also pre-recorded tours for non-English speakers.[[288]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Zengerle_1989-293) Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, guided tour groups were sent through the house every six minutes, and different tour groups often ran into each other. After the pandemic, tour groups were sent every ten minutes, allowing them to see the rooms without being interrupted by another group.[[380]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Thomas_2025-392) Every year in late August, the WPC hosts a "twilight tour" in which visitors can go on self-guided tours before attending a picnic and concert at sunset.[[381]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-393)

The conservancy operates the visitor pavilion.[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mooney_1990-91)[[382]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Flint_2009-394) Young children, who cannot tour the house, stay at the visitor pavilion's child-care center.[[13]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Daily_American_1993-13)[[206]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_c799-211)[[382]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Flint_2009-394) Starting in the 1990s, the WPC sold furnishings based on the designs of Fallingwater's furniture;[[383]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-395) these include chairs, coffee tables, and desks.[[366]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._240-378)[[384]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-396) Additionally, in the 2000s, the WPC sold jewelry with pieces of concrete that were removed from Fallingwater during its restoration.[[385]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-397) During the [Christmas and holiday season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season "Christmas and holiday season"), the Fallingwater Museum Store operates a temporary outpost in [Downtown Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Pittsburgh "Downtown Pittsburgh").[[386]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-398) The WPC operates several educational programs for students and teachers as well.[[379]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Citizens'_Voice_2004-391) Starting in 2010, the WPC hosted [sleepover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepover "Sleepover") events for adults at nearby Mill Run, which included private tours of Fallingwater.[[387]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-399)

### Attendance

In its first two years as a museum, Fallingwater had 117,000 visitors from 66 countries and nearly every U.S. state.[[388]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-400) Initially, the busiest months for the house were September and October,[[389]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-401) in part because people came to see the foliage during the autumn.[[221]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Rohlf_1977-226) Many of the visitors are fans of Wright's architecture.[[337]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cohn_2005-347) The museum's visitors over the years have included U.S. second lady [Joan Mondale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Mondale "Joan Mondale"),[[221]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Rohlf_1977-226) as well as the actors [Anne Baxter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Baxter "Anne Baxter"),[[221]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Rohlf_1977-226) [Brad Pitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Pitt "Brad Pitt"), and [Angelina Jolie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Jolie "Angelina Jolie").[[390]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-402)

The house accommodated 250,000 total visitors during the 1960s,[[391]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Daily_Herald_1970-403) and Fallingwater recorded a lifetime attendance of more than half a million by 1975, when it accommodated 62,000 visitors per year.[[205]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-The_Morning_Herald_1975-210) One million people had visited the house by 1982;[[371]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Shoup_1982-383) at the time, the house accommodated 120,000 visitors a year.[[298]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-O'Brien_1980-304) One reporter estimated in 1989 that 15% of the house's visitors were from foreign countries.[[288]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Zengerle_1989-293) Fallingwater continued to record nearly 130,000 annual visitors through the 1990s,[[307]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Podger_1991-315) and an Associated Press article from 1999 estimated that over 2.7 million people had visited the building ever since it opened to the public.[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Story_1999-118) *Contract* magazine said in 2001 that the house saw 140,000 visitors annually,[[249]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Contract_2001-254) though other sources from the 2000s put the annual visitor numbers at around 120,000.[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Lancaster_New_Era_2007-19)[[382]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Flint_2009-394) By the 2010s, annual visitation had reached 160,000.[[392]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Polier_w637-404)[[393]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hopey_c469-405) A 2022 article from *[The Architect's Newspaper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Architect's_Newspaper "The Architect's Newspaper")* wrote that Fallingwater had seen 5 million visitors ever since its opening.[[281]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hickman_2022-286)

## Impact

Fallingwater was one of the world's most-heavily-discussed modern–style structures by the 1960s,[[195]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Huxtable_t942-200) and it has been described as the world's most famous private residence not belonging to a member of royalty.[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Storrer_p._236-70)[[394]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._299-406) [Alice T. Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_T._Friedman "Alice T. Friedman") said in 1998 that Fallingwater was one of a few 20th-century residences, along with the [Farnsworth House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnsworth_House "Farnsworth House") and [Villa Savoye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Savoye "Villa Savoye"), which consistently captivated visitors despite being widely covered in the media.[[395]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-407) Another writer for *[Curbed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curbed "Curbed")* grouped Fallingwater and the Farnsworth House with [Philip Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Johnson "Philip Johnson")'s [Glass House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_House_(New_Canaan,_Connecticut) "Glass House (New Canaan, Connecticut)") and [Eero Saarinen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Saarinen "Eero Saarinen")'s [Miller House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_House_(Columbus,_Indiana) "Miller House (Columbus, Indiana)") as American modernist icons, "glorified in equal part by architecture geeks and tourists".[[396]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-408) Though it is unknown whether Wright had an active role in publicizing Fallingwater,[[397]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._248–249-409) its fame helped revitalize Wright's career.[[245]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Snyder_t680-250) He went on to design 200 additional structures,[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Lancaster_New_Era_2007-19) though the Kaufmann family never rehired him.[[398]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._132-410)

### Reception

#### Mid-20th century

Upon Fallingwater's completion, it received near-universal praise from American media publications as diverse as *[New Masses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Masses "New Masses")* and *[Town & Country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_&_Country_(magazine) "Town & Country (magazine)")*.[[399]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._269-411) A writer for *[The Christian Science Monitor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor "The Christian Science Monitor")* in 1938 wrote that the use of contrasting materials, shapes, and tones "add so much enchantment to the interior",[[296]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Keyes_1938-302) while *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine) "Time (magazine)")* called Fallingwater Wright's "most beautiful job".[[400]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-412) *Town & Country* likened the horizontal terraces to an airplane and described the house as "solid and sensible [...] aerated with imagination, with the spirit of the woods".[[401]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-413) Fallingwater was even praised by critics who disliked modern architecture, such as [Talbot Hamlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talbot_Hamlin "Talbot Hamlin"),[[399]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._269-411) as well as in foreign publications.[[402]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._272-414) Only two architecture magazines—*Charette* and *The Federal Architect*—are known to have reviewed the house negatively upon its completion.[[403]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._278-415) For Fallingwater's design, Wright received a silver medal from the Pan-American Congress of Architects in 1940.[[404]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-416)

The *[Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Sun-Telegraph "Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph")* wrote in 1941 that Fallingwater "was for several years the prime example of modernism".[[405]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-417) Olgivanna Wright regarded Fallingwater as "the most dramatic home my husband designed",[[406]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-418) saying that the house was the only Wright–designed building that many people could name.[[407]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-419) Nearly two decades after the house's completion, *[The Baltimore Sun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun "The Baltimore Sun")* described Fallingwater as "a handsome and daring house" in its own way but a "monumental profanity" with relation to the natural setting.[[408]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-420) When the house was turned over to the WPC, a writer for the *Pittsburgh Press* described the home as having a "deeper beauty".[[316]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-O'Hara_1964-324) *[Newsday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsday "Newsday")* praised the "sheer poetry of" the house's existence, saying that the house blended with its natural surroundings,[[207]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Newsday_1968-212) while a *Baltimore Sun* writer said "it could only have been built by an American, for an American".[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Dorsey_1967-71) *The Evening News* wrote in 1974 that the house "seems like it was built yesterday".[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Beers_1974-119)

#### Late 20th century to present

A *Baltimore Sun* writer, in 1981, praised both the house's architecture and furnishings, regarding the Kaufmanns' possessions as giving Fallingwater a homey feel.[[409]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Atwater_1981-421) *[The Patriot-News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Patriot-News "The Patriot-News")* said that Fallingwater retained the character of a mountain lodge,[[102]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bramson_1984-105) and Thomas Hine of *[The Philadelphia Inquirer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer "The Philadelphia Inquirer")* regarded the house as being simultaneously comfortable and rustic.[[410]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-422) *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* described Fallingwater in 1991 as "probably the most widely acclaimed modern residence in America".[[411]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-423) A writer for *The Philadelphia Inquirer* observed that the house was unusually cozy for a modern–styled house and that the rooms were not "pretentious, grand or even luxurious".[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Cass_1995-52) *The Wall Street Journal*'s architecture critic [Ada Louise Huxtable](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Louise_Huxtable "Ada Louise Huxtable") wrote that the house "surprises and inspires" and that images of the house's cantilevered terraces were iconic.[[412]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Huxtable_2006-424) A *New York Times* writer and [Edwin Heathcote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Heathcote "Edwin Heathcote") of the *[Financial Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times "Financial Times")* both described Fallingwater as a rejoinder to the [Bauhaus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus "Bauhaus") movement,[[413]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-425)[[414]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-426) while a writer for the *[National Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Post "National Post")* characterized the house as a summary of Wright's design philosophy.[[26]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fulford_2015-27) Critics have also likened Fallingwater to an art piece,[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kraft_1990-9)[[415]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-427) and the art historian [Vincent Scully](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Scully "Vincent Scully") called it "one of the complete masterpieces of twentieth-century art".[[317]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._3-325)[[416]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-428)

Several critics have written about the house's relationship with nature. For example, writers for the *[Indiana Gazette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Gazette "Indiana Gazette")* and *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* described the house as interpreting and adapting to its surroundings and to nature.[[206]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Forgey_c799-211)[[295]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ruddock_1981-301) *[The Hartford Courant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hartford_Courant "The Hartford Courant")* said that, despite mixed reviews of Wright's design philosophy, the house itself "feels organic and inevitable",[[155]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hazell_2001-159) and *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* said that Fallingwater combined the natural environment and modern-style architecture.[[168]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Glancey_2001-172) [Blair Kamin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blair_Kamin "Blair Kamin") wrote for the *[Chicago Tribune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Tribune "Chicago Tribune")* that the house "appears to be in complete harmony with nature yet it also appears distinctly man-made".[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Kamin_2002-95) David Taylor of *The Washington Post* said the design "gives fresh meaning to the phrase 'living on the land'",[[82]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Taylor_s692-85) while *Americas* magazine called the house "a universal icon of the persistent effort to achieve harmony with nature".[[417]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-429) Another writer for *[The Globe and Mail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail "The Globe and Mail")* said that the house was "abstract, bold, intellectually rigorous, formally unnatural", counterbalancing its surroundings.[[418]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mays_l126-430) *[Smithsonian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine) "Smithsonian (magazine)")* magazine said that the house "evokes the American desire to exalt nature and dominate it, to claim modernity and reject it",[[245]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Snyder_t680-250) while McCarter said the house "appears to us to have grown out of the ground and into the light".[[419]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-431)

Not all commentary was positive. In 1997, *[The Baltimore Sun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun "The Baltimore Sun")* wrote that the house "reeks of the architect's arrogance, from the low ceilings (Wright himself was short) to the uneven floors" and questioned whether the house's high maintenance costs were worth it.[[420]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-432) [William Thorsell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thorsell "William Thorsell") wrote for *The Globe and Mail* that the house "turns its back to the landscape" and that the terrace parapets, the built-in furniture, and the use of rock and dark wood gave the house "a basement feeling".[[421]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Thorsell_1997-433) Thorsell felt that the house was in the wrong place because the waterfall, the site's primary attraction, could not readily be seen from the house itself.[[421]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Thorsell_1997-433) A writer for the *Detroit Free Press*, viewed the house largely positively but regarded the house as being impractical for families, with little closet space.[[351]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Creager_2012-362)

### Media

[![Fallingwater as seen from Bear Run downstream of the house. There are two waterfalls in front of the house.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fallingwater%2C_also_known_as_the_Edgar_J._Kaufmann%2C_Sr.%2C_residence%2C_Pennsylvania%2C_by_Carol_M._Highsmith.jpg/250px-Fallingwater%2C_also_known_as_the_Edgar_J._Kaufmann%2C_Sr.%2C_residence%2C_Pennsylvania%2C_by_Carol_M._Highsmith.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater,_also_known_as_the_Edgar_J._Kaufmann,_Sr.,_residence,_Pennsylvania,_by_Carol_M._Highsmith.jpg)

Fallingwater as seen from [Bear Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Run "Bear Run") farther downstream

Even before its completion, Fallingwater attracted sightseers[[288]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Zengerle_1989-293) and was the subject of news articles and photographs.[[422]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-434)[[423]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._250–253-435) The first newspaper articles to mention Fallingwater were published in Wisconsin in January 1937.[[145]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._222-149) The house gained more prominence in early 1938 following a MoMA exhibition and extensive media coverage,[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Heyman_g090-5)[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Lancaster_New_Era_2007-19)[[424]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-436) particularly in publications controlled by [Henry Luce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Luce "Henry Luce") and [William Randolph Hearst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst "William Randolph Hearst").[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Heyman_g090-5)[[425]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._267-437) The *[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette")* wrote that the house attracted notice because of its unusual site.[[426]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-438)

Over the years, there have been many books, articles, and studies on Fallingwater.[[102]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bramson_1984-105) [NBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC "NBC") produced a television episode about Fallingwater in 1963,[[427]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-439) and the house appeared in an episode of the TV show *American Life Style*[[428]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-440) and the [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS") television special *Walt Harper at Fallingwater* in 1972.[[429]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-441) Fallingwater was also the subject of a 1994 documentary film. produced by Kenneth Love and the WPC,[[430]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-442) and another documentary in 2011, also produced by Love.[[431]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-443) Several books have been written about Fallingwater, including *Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater* (1978) by Donald Hoffmann,[[432]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-444) *Fallingwater: A Frank Lloyd Wright Country House* (1986) by Edgar Kaufmann Jr.,[[433]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-445) *Fallingwater: Frank Lloyd Wright's Romance with Nature* (1996) by the WPC,[[434]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-446) and *Fallingwater Rising* (2001) by [Franklin Toker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Toker "Franklin Toker").[[10]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Maslin2003-10)[[435]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-447) To celebrate the house's 75th anniversary, another book about its history was published in 2011.[[392]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Polier_w637-404)[[436]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-448)

Photographs from downstream have been widely circulated.[[418]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Mays_l126-430) In addition, blueprints and letters from the house's development have been sold over the years.[[437]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-449) Virtual tours of Fallingwater have been created as well.[[331]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Beras_r285-340) One such tour was released in CD format in 1997,[[438]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-450) and Love created a 3-D virtual tour of the house in the mid-2010s.[[331]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Beras_r285-340)[[439]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-451) The house has been commemorated in other media, such as a postage-stamp issue from 1982.[[440]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-452) Fallingwater has been depicted in several creative works. For example, it inspired the fictional Vandamm residence in the 1959 film *[North by Northwest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_by_Northwest "North by Northwest")*,[[441]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-453) in addition to buildings in [Ayn Rand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_Rand "Ayn Rand")'s 1943 novel *[The Fountainhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fountainhead "The Fountainhead")* and its [1949 film adaptation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(film) "The Fountainhead (film)").[[442]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_pp._294–295-454) The conclusion of [Greg Sestero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Sestero "Greg Sestero")'s 2021 film *[Miracle Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle_Valley "Miracle Valley")* was shot inside of Fallingwater; according to Sestero, it was the first feature film to be shot in the house.[[443]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-455)

### Awards and landmark designations

American architects deemed Fallingwater one of "seven wonders of American architecture" in a 1958 survey.[[444]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-456) A 1976 poll of American architects ranked it the country's third-best design, tied with the [Dulles Main Terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulles_Main_Terminal "Dulles Main Terminal"),[[445]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-457) while a 1982 poll of *[Architecture: the AIA journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture:_the_AIA_journal "Architecture: the AIA journal")* readers ranked Fallingwater as the country's best building.[[189]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Frost_1986-194)[[446]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-458) In a survey of 170 [American Institute of Architects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects "American Institute of Architects") (AIA) fellows the next year, the building was ranked second on a list of the "most successful examples of architectural design".[[447]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-459) AIA members voted Fallingwater the "best all-time work of American architecture" in 1991,[[448]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-460) and the AIA dubbed it the "building of the century" in 2000.[[82]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Taylor_s692-85)[[412]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Huxtable_2006-424) AIA members also ranked Fallingwater 29th on the society's "[America's Favorite Architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America's_Favorite_Architecture "America's Favorite Architecture")" list in 2007.[[449]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-461)[[450]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-462)

*[Architectural Record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_Record "Architectural Record")* named Fallingwater "the world's most significant building of the 20th century",[[267]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_2009-272) and *Smithsonian* listed the house among its "Life List of 28 Places to See Before You Die" in 2008.[[451]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-463)[[452]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_2008-464) In 2025, *[Time Out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine) "Time Out (magazine)")* magazine ranked Fallingwater among the world's most beautiful buildings, calling it "a masterclass in blending architecture with nature".[[453]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-465) *The New York Times* said that architects considered Fallingwater "one of Wright's supreme creations".[[8]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Sommers_c954-8)

Fallingwater became a [National Historic Landmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark "National Historic Landmark") in 1966,[[392]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Polier_w637-404)[[454]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-466) and the house was separately added to the [National Register of Historic Places](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places "National Register of Historic Places") in 1974.[[455]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-467) The [Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Historical_and_Museum_Commission "Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission") installed a [historical marker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_historical_markers "Pennsylvania historical markers") in 1994[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-PHMC-3) and named Fallingwater as a "Commonwealth Treasure" in October 2000.[[256]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pitz_2000-261)[[456]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-468) Fallingwater was deemed eligible for inclusion on [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO")'s [World Heritage List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_List "World Heritage List") in 2008,[[452]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_2008-464) and the [United States Department of the Interior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior "United States Department of the Interior") nominated Fallingwater to the World Heritage List in 2015, alongside nine other buildings.[[393]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hopey_c469-405)[[457]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-469) UNESCO ultimately added eight properties, including Fallingwater, to the World Heritage List in July 2019 under the title "[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_20th-Century_Architecture_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright "The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright")".[[458]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-470)

### Exhibits and architectural influence

[![Replica of Fallingwater at the Miniature Railroad & Village at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fallingwater_miniature_model_at_MRRV%2C_Carnegie_Science_Center.JPG/250px-Fallingwater_miniature_model_at_MRRV%2C_Carnegie_Science_Center.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fallingwater_miniature_model_at_MRRV,_Carnegie_Science_Center.JPG)

Replica of Fallingwater at the [Miniature Railroad & Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_Railroad_&_Village "Miniature Railroad & Village") at the [Carnegie Science Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Science_Center "Carnegie Science Center") in Pittsburgh

There have also been museum exhibits about Fallingwater.[[102]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Bramson_1984-105) Among them was a MoMA exhibit in 1938,[[459]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-471) which was organized when MoMA curator John McAndrew visited the house shortly after its completion.[[460]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-472) MoMA hosted other exhibits featuring Fallingwater, including a [scale model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_model "Scale model") in 1940,[[461]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-473) an image showcase in 1959,[[462]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-474) and another model in 2009.[[463]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-475) New York's [Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University") hosted a symposium on the structure in 1986,[[26]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fulford_2015-27)[[376]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Goldberger_1986-388) and Pittsburgh's [Carnegie Museum of Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Museum_of_Art "Carnegie Museum of Art")[[464]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-476) and the [State Museum of Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Museum_of_Pennsylvania "State Museum of Pennsylvania") have hosted exhibits about Fallingwater.[[465]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-477) In addition, the [Miniature Railroad & Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_Railroad_&_Village "Miniature Railroad & Village") at Pittsburgh's [Carnegie Science Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Science_Center "Carnegie Science Center") displays a model of Fallingwater.[[466]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-478)

Despite Fallingwater's renown, its design was seldom copied.[[286]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Netto_2011-291) At the time of the house's completion, modernist architects were turning away from organic designs, such as Fallingwater, in favor of more industrial designs, such as New York's [Seagram Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagram_Building "Seagram Building").[[286]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Netto_2011-291) Among the structures inspired by Fallingwater are an office in [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia");[[467]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-479) a gas station in the [Washington metropolitan area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area "Washington metropolitan area");[[468]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-480) a home in [Ross Township, Allegheny County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania "Ross Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania");[[469]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-481) Paul Mayén's home in [Garrison, New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrison,_New_York "Garrison, New York");[[470]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-482) and a house in [North Burnaby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Burnaby "North Burnaby"), British Columbia, Canada.[[471]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-483)

## See also

* [List of Frank Lloyd Wright works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright_works "List of Frank Lloyd Wright works")
* [List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Pennsylvania "List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania")
* [List of World Heritage Sites in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States "List of World Heritage Sites in the United States")
* [National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Pennsylvania")

## References

### Notes

1. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-18) Geographically, Kentuck Knob is 4 miles (6.4 km) away.[[17]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-17)
2. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-57) The younger Edgar spelled the "jr." in his name with lowercase letters.[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Wecker_s764-56)[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Silman_p._88-6) For consistency, this article refers to him as Edgar Kaufmann Jr.
3. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-65) Sources disagree on whether this was when Edgar Jr.'s parents first met Wright. [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), p. 122, says that Edgar Sr. was already considering hiring Wright for various projects when Edgar Jr. started his apprenticeship. [Waggoner 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFWaggoner2011), p. 178, says that Toker's claim is contradicted by the Kaufmann family letters and that Edgar Jr. went to Taliesin of his own accord.
4. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-122) [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), p. 204, gives a different figure of between 35 and 75 cents.
5. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-183) According to [Hoffmann 1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFHoffmann1977), p. 48, these issues included moist waterproofing, which caused the subflooring to rot, and improperly poured concrete, which contained loose pockets of sand.
6. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-297) McCarter specifically cites the [Thomas H. Gale House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_H._Gale_House "Thomas H. Gale House") in [Oak Park, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_Park,_Illinois "Oak Park, Illinois"), as an inspiration.[[290]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-McCarter_pp._205–206-295)
7. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-311) Some sources, such as the *[Centre Daily Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Daily_Times "Centre Daily Times")*, cite ocher and Cherokee red as the only two colors used in the house.[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Centre_Daily_Times_2014-16)
8. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-313) [Milao et al. 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFMilao_et_al.2024), pp. 9–10, writes that, although the color was originally described as [Venetian red](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_red "Venetian red"), it was changed to [Cherokee red](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_red?action=edit&redlink=1 "Cherokee red") in the 1970s. [Hoffmann 1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFHoffmann1977), p. 58, cites Mosher as saying that Cherokee red had been used from the outset.
9. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-334) Some sources give a conflicting figure of three bedrooms.[[317]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-NPS_p._3-325)[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Ecenbarger_1992-12) Edgar Jr.'s study occupies what was supposed to be the fourth bedroom.[[325]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._121-333)
10. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-346) Sources variously cite the living area as measuring 45 by 35 feet (14 by 11 m),[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Reif_a665-72) 48 by 38.5 feet (14.6 by 11.7 m),[[127]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._37-131) or 50 by 40 feet (15 by 12 m) across.[[336]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Toker_p._234-345)
11. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-354) The depth of the plunge pool is variously cited as 48 inches (4 ft; 122 cm)[[343]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._32-353) or 53 inches (130 cm).[[124]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Hoffmann_p._29-128)
12. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-372) An *Architectural Digest* article gives a figure of nearly 170 pieces.[[292]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Fazzare_l597-298) Another source cites a figure of more than 160 pieces.[[161]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_note-Waggoner_p._218-165)

### Citations

1. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-nris_1-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-nris_1-1) ["National Register Information System"](https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP). *[National Register of Historic Places](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places "National Register of Historic Places")*. [National Park Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service "National Park Service"). July 9, 2010.
2. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-2) ["Fallingwater"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080624172714/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1483&resourceType=Building). *National Historic Landmark summary listing*. National Park Service. Archived from [the original](http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1483&ResourceType=Building) on June 24, 2008. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
3. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-PHMC_3-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-PHMC_3-1) ["PHMC Historical Markers"](http://search.pahistoricalmarkers.com/). *Historical Marker Database*. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Retrieved December 20, 2013.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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5. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Heyman_g090_5-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Heyman_g090_5-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Heyman_g090_5-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Heyman_g090_5-3) Heyman, Stephen (July 27, 2016). ["In Frank Lloyd Wright Country, Architecture and Apple Pie"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/travel/frank-lloyd-wright-laurel-highlands-pennsylvania.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved December 9, 2024.
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7. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Wald_w809_7-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Wald_w809_7-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Wald_w809_7-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Wald_w809_7-3) [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Wald_w809_7-4) [6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Wald_w809_7-5) [7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Wald_w809_7-6) [8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Wald_w809_7-7) Wald, Matthew L. (September 2, 2001). ["Rescuing a World-Famous but Fragile House"](https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/02/us/rescuing-a-world-famous-but-fragile-house.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved December 6, 2024.
8. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Sommers_c954_8-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Sommers_c954_8-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Sommers_c954_8-2) Sommers, Carl (June 23, 1991). ["Q and A"](https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/23/travel/q-and-a-168191.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved December 6, 2024.
9. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Kraft_1990_9-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Kraft_1990_9-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Kraft_1990_9-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Kraft_1990_9-3) [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Kraft_1990_9-4) [6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Kraft_1990_9-5) [7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Kraft_1990_9-6) Kraft, Randy (October 7, 1990). ["Fallingwater lives up to its billing"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-call-fallingwater-lives-up-t/159684003/). *The Morning Call*. pp. F1, [F4](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-call-wright-house-lives-up-t/159683976/). Retrieved December 6, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
10. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Maslin2003_10-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Maslin2003_10-1) Maslin, Janet (September 29, 2003). ["Books of the Times; Behind a Masterpiece, a Merchant and a Modernist"](https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/29/books/books-of-the-times-behind-a-masterpiece-a-merchant-and-a-modernist.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved December 8, 2024.
11. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Toker_pp._258–259_11-0) [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), pp. 258–259.
12. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-3) [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-4) [6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-5) [7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-6) [8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-7) [9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-8) [10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-9) [11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-10) [12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-11) [13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-12) [14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-13) [15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-14) [16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Ecenbarger_1992_12-15) Ecenbarger, William (August 30, 1992). ["Waterfall Wonder: Architect Frank Lloyd Wright Refused to Build Fallingwater Where the Owners Wanted It. So – It Has Become an Architectural Marvel Around the World"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-waterfall-wond/160417867/). *The Philadelphia Inquirer*. pp. R1, [R8](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-waterfall-wond/160417834/). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0885-6613](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0885-6613). [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [1839103842](https://www.proquest.com/docview/1839103842). Retrieved December 6, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
13. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-The_Daily_American_1993_13-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-The_Daily_American_1993_13-1) ["The Shades of Summer"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-american-the-shades-of-summer/160419922/). *The Daily American*. May 29, 1993. p. 20. Retrieved December 6, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
14. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Toker_p._84_14-0) [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), p. 84.
15. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-15) Stabert, Lee (February 27, 2017). ["On the Way to...Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater"](https://keystoneedge.com/2017/02/27/on-the-way-to-fallingwater/). *Keystone Edge*. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
16. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Centre_Daily_Times_2014_16-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Centre_Daily_Times_2014_16-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Centre_Daily_Times_2014_16-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Centre_Daily_Times_2014_16-3) ["An architectural masterpiece"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/centre-daily-times-an-architectural-mast/160568982/). *Centre Daily Times*. May 26, 2014. pp. QF13, [QF15](https://www.newspapers.com/article/centre-daily-times-an-architectural-mast/160569059). Retrieved December 9, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
17. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-17) Hoffmann, Donald (2000). [*Frank Lloyd Wright's House on Kentuck Knob*](https://books.google.com/books?id=xrVJEcYSRf8C). Cambridge University Press. p. 3. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-8229-4119-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-4119-4 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-4119-4").
18. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Lancaster_New_Era_2007_19-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Lancaster_New_Era_2007_19-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Lancaster_New_Era_2007_19-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Lancaster_New_Era_2007_19-3) ["Western Pa. offering Wright 'trinity' tour"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/lancaster-new-era-western-pa-offering-w/160526165/). *Lancaster New Era*. Associated Press. September 3, 2007. p. 10. Retrieved December 8, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
19. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-20) Dvorak, Amy (May 20, 2019). ["Frank Lloyd Wright's Mäntylä House Opens to Overnight Guests at Polymath Park"](https://www.dwell.com/article/frank-lloyd-wright-mantyla-lindholm-house-polymath-park-c88438fe). *Dwell*. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
20. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-21) ["Frank Lloyd Wright personalized houses"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/standard-speaker-frank-lloyd-wright-pers/160794804/). *Standard-Speaker*. November 6, 1986. p. 39. Retrieved December 12, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
21. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Toker_p._260_22-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Toker_p._260_22-1) [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), p. 260.
22. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-McCarter_p._212_23-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-McCarter_p._212_23-1) [McCarter 1997](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFMcCarter1997), p. 212.
23. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Toker_p._155_24-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Toker_p._155_24-1) [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), p. 155.
24. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-3) [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-4) [6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-5) [7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-6) [8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-7) [9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-8) [10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-9) [11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-10) [12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-11) [13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-12) [14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-13) [15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-14) [16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-NPS_p._2_25-15) [National Park Service 1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFNational_Park_Service1974), p. 2.
25. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-26) [Hoffmann 1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFHoffmann1977), p. 3.
26. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Fulford_2015_27-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Fulford_2015_27-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Fulford_2015_27-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Fulford_2015_27-3) Fulford, Robert (May 26, 2015). "Take me to the river; Soaking up Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpiece". *National Post*. p. B.1. [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [1683276736](https://www.proquest.com/docview/1683276736).
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29. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-McCarter_p._211_30-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-McCarter_p._211_30-1) [McCarter 1997](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFMcCarter1997), p. 211.
30. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Waggoner_p._190_31-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Waggoner_p._190_31-1) [Waggoner 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFWaggoner2011), p. 190.
31. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Fales_1977_32-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Fales_1977_32-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Fales_1977_32-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Fales_1977_32-3) Fales, Gregg (July 24, 1977). ["Function and beauty combine in Frank Lloyd Wright house"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-call-function-and-beauty-com/160749541/). *The Morning Call*. p. 119. Retrieved December 12, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
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33. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._82_34-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._82_34-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._82_34-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._82_34-3) [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._82_34-4) [Hoffmann 1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFHoffmann1977), p. 82.
34. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Haurwitz_1981_35-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Haurwitz_1981_35-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Haurwitz_1981_35-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Haurwitz_1981_35-3) [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Haurwitz_1981_35-4) Haurwitz, Ralph (May 31, 1981). ["Fallingwater Visitor Center Built in Wright Mold"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-mayens-fallingwate/34223887/). *The Pittsburgh Press*. p. 23. Retrieved December 12, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
35. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Haurwitz_1980_36-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Haurwitz_1980_36-1) Haurwitz, Ralph (February 20, 1980). ["Bear Run Beckons to Wildlife, Man"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-bear-run-beckons-to/160781761/). *The Pittsburgh Press*. p. 19. Retrieved December 12, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
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138. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Civil_Engineering_1999_142-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Civil_Engineering_1999_142-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Civil_Engineering_1999_142-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Civil_Engineering_1999_142-3) [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Civil_Engineering_1999_142-4) "Restoration to strengthen cantilevers at Fallingwater". *Civil Engineering*. Vol. 69, no. 5. May 1999. p. 28. [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [228516599](https://www.proquest.com/docview/228516599). "The cantilevers, Fallingwater's distinguishing features, have become the source of the building's most troubling problems. Steel-reinforced concrete beams and the concrete cantilevered decks they support have deflected. Two terraces have been closed to visitors, and a temporary steel beam was placed under the first-floor cantilever in 1997 as a precautionary support, says Linda Waggoner, the director of Fallingwater, which in 1976 was listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is now a house museum overseen by the Pittsburgh-based Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. A $70,000 grant from the Getty Foundation helped the conservancy study the problems and devise a restoration plan."
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157. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Toker_pp._225–226_161-0) [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), pp. 225–226.
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165. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Toker_pp._259-261_169-0) [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), pp. 259–261.
166. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-170) [Hoffmann 1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFHoffmann1977), p. 75.
167. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._78_171-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._78_171-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._78_171-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._78_171-3) [Hoffmann 1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFHoffmann1977), p. 78.
168. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Glancey_2001_172-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Glancey_2001_172-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Glancey_2001_172-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Glancey_2001_172-3) Glancey, Jonathan (September 10, 2001). ["Architecture: The folly of Fallingwater: Frank Lloyd Wright's most famous house is falling down. Well, it was built on top of a waterfall"](https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2001/sep/10/artsfeatures). *The Guardian*. p. 2.12. [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [245713879](https://www.proquest.com/docview/245713879). Retrieved December 8, 2024.
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170. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-AP-WrightTrinity_174-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-AP-WrightTrinity_174-1) Plushnick-Masti, Ramit (September 27, 2007). ["New Wright house in western Pa. completes trinity of work"](https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2007-09-27-new-wright-home_N.htm). Associated Press. Retrieved October 9, 2007.
171. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-The_Morning_Herald_1959_175-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-The_Morning_Herald_1959_175-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-The_Morning_Herald_1959_175-2) ["Superintendent of Famed Bear Run Estate Retires"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-herald-superintendent-of-fam/160625801/). *The Morning Herald*. April 17, 1959. p. 11. Retrieved December 10, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
172. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-The_Daily_Courier_1959_176-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-The_Daily_Courier_1959_176-1) ["Jesse Hall Retires After 20 Years at Kaufmann's"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-courier-jesse-hall-retires-aft/160626048/). *The Daily Courier*. May 5, 1959. p. 8. Retrieved December 10, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
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174. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._90_178-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._90_178-1) [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._90_178-2) [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Hoffmann_p._90_178-3) [Hoffmann 1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFHoffmann1977), p. 90.
175. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-179) Kantner, Dorothy (December 19, 1950). ["Blume's Painting Wins Popular Prize at Show"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-sun-telegraph-blumes-paintin/160615531/). *Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph*. p. 28. Retrieved December 9, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
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177. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-181) ["Fires Threaten Large Estates"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-fires-threaten-larg/160603742/). *The Pittsburgh Press*. April 21, 1941. pp. 1, [4](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-fires-burn-at-bear/15631878/). Retrieved December 9, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
178. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-182) ["Costly Fire Razes Bear Run Dairy Barn"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-courier-costly-fire-razes-bear/160606822/). *The Daily Courier*. January 4, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved December 9, 2024 – via newspapers.com; ["Dairy Barn Fire Loss of $50,000"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/pottsville-republican-dairy-barn-fire-lo/160606859/). *Pottsville Republican*. January 4, 1945. p. 7. Retrieved December 9, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
179. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-184) [Silman 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFSilman2000), p. 92.
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182. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Waggoner_pp._262–263_187-0) [Waggoner 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFWaggoner2011), pp. 262–263.
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452. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_2008_464-0) [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette_2008_464-1) "World Attention Fallingwater is Commanding a Greater View". *Pittsburgh Post-Gazette*. January 26, 2008. p. B.6. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [2692-6903](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2692-6903). [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [390486630](https://www.proquest.com/docview/390486630).
453. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-465) Lopez, Gerrish (June 25, 2025). ["Two U.S. stunners are ranked among the world's most beautiful buildings"](https://www.timeout.com/usa/news/two-u-s-stunners-are-ranked-among-the-worlds-most-beautiful-buildings-062525). *Time Out United States*. Retrieved June 27, 2025.
454. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-466) ["NHLs Associated with Frank Lloyd Wright"](https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/nhls-associated-with-flw.htm). National Park Service. March 29, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
455. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-467) ["Fallingwater Historic Site"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evening-standard-fallingwater-histor/160771934/). *Evening Standard*. August 3, 1974. p. 3. Retrieved December 12, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
456. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-468) ["Around the State"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/press-enterprise-around-the-state/160498572/). *Press Enterprise*. October 24, 2000. p. 2. Retrieved December 7, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
457. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-469) ["Ten Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings Nominated for UNESCO Distinction"](https://metropolismag.com/viewpoints/10-frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-nominated-for-unesco-distinction/). *Metropolis*. May 17, 2022. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241128133816/https://metropolismag.com/viewpoints/10-frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-nominated-for-unesco-distinction/) from the original on November 28, 2024. Retrieved November 28, 2024; Winston, Anna (February 3, 2015). ["Frank Lloyd Wright buildings nominated for UNESCO World Heritage List"](https://www.dezeen.com/2015/02/03/frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-nominated-unesco-world-heritage-list-guggenheim-taliesin-fallingwater/). *Dezeen*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240702132302/https://www.dezeen.com/2015/02/03/frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-nominated-unesco-world-heritage-list-guggenheim-taliesin-fallingwater/) from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
458. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-470) Axelrod, Josh (July 7, 2019). ["UNESCO Adds 8 Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings To Its List Of World Heritage Sites"](https://www.npr.org/2019/07/07/739359081/unesco-adds-8-frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-to-its-list-of-world-heritage-sites). NPR. Retrieved January 18, 2025; Tareen, Sophia (July 7, 2019). ["Guggenheim Museum Added to UNESCO World Heritage List"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190708030357/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Guggenheim-Museum-Added-to-UNESCO-World-Heritage-List--512323791.html). WNBC. Archived from [the original](https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Guggenheim-Museum-Added-to-UNESCO-World-Heritage-List--512323791.html) on July 8, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
459. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-471) Jewell, Edward Alden (January 25, 1938). ["Pictures Analyze 'Cantilever' House; Photos of Home Built Over a Waterfall Is Displayed at Modern Art Museum"](https://www.nytimes.com/1938/01/25/archives/pictures-analyze-cantilever-house-photos-of-home-built-over-a.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved December 6, 2024.
460. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-472) [Waggoner 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFWaggoner2011), p. 184; [Hoffmann 1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFHoffmann1977), p. 70; [Toker 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#CITEREFToker2003), pp. 261–262.
461. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-473) "Wright Goes to Washington With a $15,000,000 Surprise". *Newsweek*. Vol. 16, no. 22. November 25, 1940. p. 48. [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [1924001021](https://www.proquest.com/docview/1924001021).
462. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-474) ["Museum Opens Tribute To the Architect Today"](https://www.nytimes.com/1959/04/10/archives/museum-opens-tribute-to-the-architect-today.html). *The New York Times*. April 10, 1959. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved December 6, 2024.
463. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-475) [""In Situ: Architecture and Landscape" Opens Today at MoMA"](https://bustler.net/news/830/in-situ-architecture-and-landscape-opens-today-at-moma). *Bustler*. April 8, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
464. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-476) Kahn, Eve M. (April 1999). "The Wright client". *Interiors*. Vol. 158, no. 4. p. 17. [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [221538817](https://www.proquest.com/docview/221538817).
465. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-477) ["Must see exhibits at the State Museum of Pennsylvania"](https://www.witf.org/2024/10/19/must-see-exhibits-at-the-state-museum-of-pennsylvania/). WITF. October 19, 2024. Retrieved December 13, 2024; ["State Museum of Pennsylvania opens 'Fallingwater' exhibit"](https://www.abc27.com/pennsylvania/state-museum-of-pennsylvania-opens-fallingwater-exhibit/). *ABC27*. June 21, 2024. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
466. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-478) Axelrod, Joshua (October 4, 2023). ["Ready for Takeoff"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-post-gazette-ready-for-takeof/160538488/). *Pittsburgh Post-Gazette*. pp. B1, [B2](https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-post-gazette-ready-for-takeof/160538520/). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [2692-6903](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2692-6903). Retrieved December 8, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
467. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-479) Austin, Gene (October 10, 1982). ["The essence of Wright is found on the Main Line"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-the-essence-of/160787886/). *The Philadelphia Inquirer*. pp. 1-G, [4-G](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-the-essence-of/160787920/). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0885-6613](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0885-6613). Retrieved December 12, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
468. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-480) Aeppel, Timothy (July 13, 1995). "Food and Fallingwater, next exit: Go Wright to designer gas station". *The Wall Street Journal*. p. B1. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0099-9660](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660). [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [398469679](https://www.proquest.com/docview/398469679).
469. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-481) Merriman, Woodene (November 24, 1979). ["Indian Rugs and Organic Architecture"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-post-gazette-indian-rugs-and/160780335/). *Pittsburgh Post-Gazette*. pp. 11, [13](https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-post-gazette-indian-rugs-and/160780374/). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [2692-6903](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2692-6903). Retrieved December 12, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
470. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-482) Paletta, Anthony (March 18, 2022). ["Living History: a Home That Pays Homage to Fallingwater"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-1970s-home-that-pays-homage-to-fallingwater-is-listed-for-2-995-million-11647465332). *The Wall Street Journal*. p. M.3. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0099-9660](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660). [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [2640211691](https://www.proquest.com/docview/2640211691). Retrieved December 9, 2024; Croke, Karen (October 27, 2021). ["'Fallingwater' heir built this Garrison home in 1975; now for sale"](https://www.lohud.com/story/money/real-estate/homes/2021/10/27/fallingwater-heir-built-garrison-home-1975-now-sale/8509625002/). *lohud.com*. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
471. [↑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater#cite_ref-483) Freimond, Kathleen (October 12, 2019). ["Home reno inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater"](https://vancouversun.com/homes/renovating/home-reno-inspired-by-frank-lloyd-wrights-fallingwater). *Vancouver Sun*. Retrieved December 9, 2024.

### Sources

* [Fallingwater](https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/c84ad6bc-c5f1-426d-bfd0-2742d07e6a7a) (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. July 23, 1974.
* Hoffmann, Donald (1977). [*Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater: The House and Its History*](https://archive.org/details/franklloydwright0000hoff/page/10/mode/2up) (1st ed.). Dover Publications. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-486-27430-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-27430-6 "Special:BookSources/0-486-27430-6").
* Kaufmann, Edgar (1987). [*Fallingwater: A Frank Lloyd Wright Country House*](https://books.google.com/books?id=BFePEAAAQBAJ). WW Norton. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-89659-662-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89659-662-7 "Special:BookSources/978-0-89659-662-7").
* McCarter, Robert (1997). [*Frank Lloyd Wright*](https://archive.org/details/franklloydwright0000mcca). London: Phaidon Press. pp. 204–220. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7148-3148-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3148-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3148-0").
* McCarter, Robert (2002). *Fallingwater Aid (Architecture in Detail)*. Phaidon Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-7148-4213-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7148-4213-3 "Special:BookSources/0-7148-4213-3").
* Milão, Susana; Ribeiro, Telma; Neves, Isabel Clara; Lima, Ana; Pacheco, Luís Paulo (September 21, 2024). ["20th-Century World Built Heritage Facing Water: Conservation of Fallingwater and Boa Nova Tea House"](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fbuildings14093004). *Buildings*. **14** (9): 3004. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)"):[10.3390/buildings14093004](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fbuildings14093004). [hdl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier) "Hdl (identifier)"):[11328/6139](https://hdl.handle.net/11328%2F6139). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [2075-5309](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2075-5309). [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [3110410666](https://www.proquest.com/docview/3110410666).
* Silman, Robert (September 2000). ["The Plan to Save Falling water"](http://www.jstor.org/stable/26058864). *Scientific American*. Vol. 283, no. 3. Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc. pp. 88–95. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0036-8733](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8733). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier) "JSTOR (identifier)") [26058864](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26058864). Retrieved December 6, 2024.
* Storrer, William Allin (1993). [*The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion*](https://archive.org/stream/franklloydwright0000stor/). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-226-77624-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-77624-8 "Special:BookSources/978-0-226-77624-8").
* Sullivan, C C (September 2002). "Falling water, standing still". *Architecture: The AIA Journal*. Vol. 91, no. 9. pp. 95–97. [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [227857210](https://www.proquest.com/docview/227857210).
* Tafel, Edgar (1985). [*Years with Frank Lloyd Wright: Apprentice to Genius*](https://archive.org/details/yearswithfrankll0000tafe). Dover Publications. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-486-14433-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-14433-7 "Special:BookSources/978-0-486-14433-7").
* Toker, Franklin (2003). *Fallingwater Rising: Frank Lloyd Wright, E. J. Kaufmann, and America's Most Extraordinary House*. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-307-42584-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-42584-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-307-42584-3").
* Waggoner, Lynda, ed. (2011). [*Fallingwater*](https://archive.org/details/fallingwater0000unse). Rizzoli Publications. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-8478-4847-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-4847-8 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-4847-8").

## Further reading

* [Brand, Stewart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Brand "Stewart Brand") (1995). [*How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built*](https://archive.org/details/howbuildingslear00bran). Penguin Books. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-14-013996-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-013996-6 "Special:BookSources/0-14-013996-6").
* Stoller, Ezra (January 1, 2000). *Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater*. New York: Springer Science & Business. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [1-56898-203-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56898-203-8 "Special:BookSources/1-56898-203-8").
* Waggoner, Lynda S.; Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (1996). *Fallingwater*. Universe. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7893-0072-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7893-0072-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7893-0072-0").

## External links

* [Official website](https://fallingwater.org/)
* [Western Pennsylvania Conservancy website](http://waterlandlife.org/163/)

[Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"):

* [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/40px-P_parthenon.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg) [Architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Architecture "Portal:Architecture")
* ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/40px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG) [NRHP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:NRHP "Portal:NRHP")
* ![flag](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png) [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Pennsylvania "Portal:Pennsylvania")

**Fallingwater** at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects "Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"):

* [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)[**Media**](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fallingwater "c:Category:Fallingwater") from Commons
* [![Wikivoyage logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg)[**Travel guides**](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Architecture%20of%20Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright "voy:Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright") from Wikivoyage

| * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Template:Frank Lloyd Wright") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Template talk:Frank Lloyd Wright") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Special:EditPage/Template:Frank Lloyd Wright")  [Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Frank Lloyd Wright") | |
| --- | --- |
| [List of works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright_works "List of Frank Lloyd Wright works") | |
| Personal homes | * [Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright_Home_and_Studio "Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio") * [Taliesin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin_(studio) "Taliesin (studio)") * [Taliesin West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin_West "Taliesin West") |
| Private houses | * [Adams, M.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_W._Adams_House "Mary W. Adams House") * [Adams, W. and J.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_and_Jessie_M._Adams_House "William and Jessie M. Adams House") * [Adelman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_and_Edith_Adelman_House "Albert and Edith Adelman House") * [Affleck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_S._and_Elizabeth_B._Affleck_House "Gregor S. and Elizabeth B. Affleck House") * [Allen–Lambe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen–Lambe_House "Allen–Lambe House") * [Alsop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_Alsop_House "Carroll Alsop House") * [Arnold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Clarke_and_Julia_Arnold_House "E. Clarke and Julia Arnold House") * [Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Bach_House "Emil Bach House") * [Bachman–Wilson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachman–Wilson_House "Bachman–Wilson House") * [Baird](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Baird_Residence "Theodore Baird Residence") * [Baker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_J._Baker_House "Frank J. Baker House") * [Balch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_B._Balch_House "Oscar B. Balch House") * [Baldwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Baldwin_House "Hiram Baldwin House") * [Barton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Barton_House "George Barton House") * [Bazett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Bazett_House "Sidney Bazett House") * [Beachy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_A._Beachy_House "Peter A. Beachy House") * [Becker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Becker_House "Gustav Becker House") * [Blair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintin_Blair_House "Quintin Blair House") * [Blossom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blossom_House "George Blossom House") * [Bogk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_C._Bogk_House "Frederick C. Bogk House") * [Boulter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedric_G._and_Patricia_Neils_Boulter_House "Cedric G. and Patricia Neils Boulter House") * [Boynton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_E._Boynton_House "Edward E. Boynton House") * [Bradley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._Harley_Bradley_House "B. Harley Bradley House") * [Brandes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandes_House "Brandes House") * [Broad Margin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Margin "Broad Margin") * [Brown, C. A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Brown_House "Charles A. Brown House") * [Brown, E. and M. A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_and_Margaret_Ann_(Davis)_Brown_House "Eric and Margaret Ann (Davis) Brown House") * [Buehler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maynard_Buehler_House "Maynard Buehler House") * [Bulbulian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._H._Bulbulian_Residence "A. H. Bulbulian Residence") * [Charnley–Norwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charnley–Norwood_House "Charnley–Norwood House") * [Charnley–Persky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Charnley_House "James Charnley House") * [Cheney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_H._Cheney_House "Edwin H. Cheney House") * [Christie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._Christie_House "James B. Christie House") * [Cooke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_B._Cooke_House "Andrew B. Cooke House") * [Coonley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coonley_House "Coonley House") * [Copeland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Copeland_House "William H. Copeland House") * [Crimson Beech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crimson_Beech "The Crimson Beech") * [Dana–Thomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana–Thomas_House "Dana–Thomas House") * [Davidson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_V._Davidson_House "Walter V. Davidson House") * [Davis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Richard_Davis_House "Dr. Richard Davis House") * [DeRhodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._C._DeRhodes_House "K. C. DeRhodes House") * [Dobkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_and_Syd_Dobkins_House "John and Syd Dobkins House") * [Ennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennis_House "Ennis House") * [Fabyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabyan_Villa "Fabyan Villa") * [Fallingwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater) * [Fawcett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Fawcett_House "Randall Fawcett House") * [Foster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._A._Foster_House_and_Stable "S. A. Foster House and Stable") * [Fountainhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountainhead_(Jackson,_Mississippi) "Fountainhead (Jackson, Mississippi)") * [Freeman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Freeman_House "Samuel Freeman House") * [Fredrick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Fredrick_House "Louis Fredrick House") * [Fricke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_G._Fricke_House "William G. Fricke House") * [Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_Friedman_House "Sol Friedman House") * [Fukuhara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arinobu_Fukuhara "Arinobu Fukuhara") * [G. Furbeck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Furbeck_House "George Furbeck House") * [R. Furbeck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollin_Furbeck_House "Rollin Furbeck House") * [Gale, L.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Gale_House "Laura Gale House") * [Gale, T.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_H._Gale_House "Thomas H. Gale House") * [Gale, W.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gale_House "Walter Gale House") * [Gerts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gerts_House "Walter Gerts House") * [Gilmore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_A._Gilmore_House "Eugene A. Gilmore House") * [Gillin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gillin_Residence "John Gillin Residence") * [Glasner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Glasner_House "William A. Glasner House") * [Goetsch–Winckler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goetsch–Winckler_House "Goetsch–Winckler House") * [Gordon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_House_(Silverton,_Oregon) "Gordon House (Silverton, Oregon)") * [Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_and_Charlotte_Grant_House "Douglas and Charlotte Grant House") * [Graycliff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graycliff "Graycliff") * [Gridley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._A._W._Gridley_House "Mrs. A. W. Gridley House") * [Hanna–Honeycomb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna–Honeycomb_House "Hanna–Honeycomb House") * [Hardy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Hardy_House "Thomas P. Hardy House") * [Haynes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Haynes_House "John D. Haynes House") * [Heath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Heath_House "William R. Heath House") * [Heller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heller_House "Heller House") * [Henderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.B._Henderson_House "F.B. Henderson House") * [Heurtley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Heurtley_House "Arthur Heurtley House") * [Hickox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Hickox_House "Warren Hickox House") * [Hills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_R._Hills_House "Edward R. Hills House") * [Hoffman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Hoffman_House "Max Hoffman House") * [Hollyhock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollyhock_House "Hollyhock House") * [Jacobs I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_and_Katherine_Jacobs_First_House "Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House") * [Jacobs II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_and_Katherine_Jacobs_Second_House "Herbert and Katherine Jacobs Second House") * [Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._P._Johnson_House "A. P. Johnson House") * [Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_B._Jones_House "Fred B. Jones House") * [Kalil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toufic_H._Kalil_House "Toufic H. Kalil House") * [Keland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keland_House "Keland House") * [Kentuck Knob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuck_Knob "Kentuck Knob") * [Keys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Keys_Residence "Thomas Keys Residence") * [Kinney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_and_Margaret_Kinney_House "Patrick and Margaret Kinney House") * [Kraus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraus_House "Kraus House") * [Lamberson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Lamberson_House "Jack Lamberson House") * [Lamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Lamp_House "Robert M. Lamp House") * [Laurent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_and_Phyllis_Laurent_House "Kenneth and Phyllis Laurent House") * [Levin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_and_Rae_Levin_House "Robert and Rae Levin House") * [Lewis, G.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_House_(Tallahassee,_Florida) "Lewis House (Tallahassee, Florida)") * [Lewis, L.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Lewis_House "Lloyd Lewis House") * [Lykes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Lykes_House "Norman Lykes House") * [Manson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_L._Manson_House "Charles L. Manson House") * [Marden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marden_House "Marden House") * [Martin, D. D.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_D._Martin_House "Darwin D. Martin House") * [Martin, W. E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Martin_House "William E. Martin House") * [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyer_May_House "Meyer May House") * [McBean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McBean_Residence "James McBean Residence") * [McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge_Charles_P._McCarthy_House "Judge Charles P. McCarthy House") * [Millard, A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard_House_(Pasadena,_California) "Millard House (Pasadena, California)") * [Millard, G.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Madison_Millard_House "George Madison Millard House") * [Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Miller_House "Alvin Miller House") * [Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_G._Moore_House "Nathan G. Moore House") * [Mosher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosher_House "Mosher House") * [Mossberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_T._Mossberg_Residence "Herman T. Mossberg Residence") * [Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Murphy_House "Elizabeth Murphy House") * [Neils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieda_and_Henry_J._Neils_House "Frieda and Henry J. Neils House") * [Olfelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Olfelt_House "Paul Olfelt House") * [Palmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Palmer_Residence "William Palmer Residence") * [Pappas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_A._Pappas_House "Theodore A. Pappas House") * [Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_P._Parker_House "Robert P. Parker House") * [Pauson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Pauson_House "Rose Pauson House") * [Penfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Penfield_House "Louis Penfield House") * [Peterson Cottage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Peterson_Cottage "Seth Peterson Cottage") * [Pew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Pew_House "John C. Pew House") * [Pope–Leighey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope–Leighey_House "Pope–Leighey House") * [Rayward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayward–Shepherd_House "Rayward–Shepherd House") * [Rebhuhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Rebhuhn_House "Ben Rebhuhn House") * [Reisley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Reisley_House "Roland Reisley House") * [Richardson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Richardson_House "Stuart Richardson House") * [Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Roberts_House "Isabel Roberts House") * [Robie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robie_House "Robie House") * [Roloson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roloson_Houses "Roloson Houses") * [Rosenbaum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenbaum_House "Rosenbaum House") * [Ross (Forest)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ross_House "Charles Ross House") * [Rudin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Rudin_House "Walter Rudin House") * [Samara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(house) "Samara (house)") * [Sander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sander_Residence "Frank Sander Residence") * [Schaberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Schaberg_House "Donald Schaberg House") * [Schwartz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Schwartz_House "Bernard Schwartz House") * [Serlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Serlin_House "Edward Serlin House") * [Shavin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamour_and_Gerte_Shavin_House "Seamour and Gerte Shavin House") * [Smith, G. W.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Smith_House_(Oak_Park,_Illinois) "George W. Smith House (Oak Park, Illinois)") * [Smith, M.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvyn_Maxwell_and_Sara_Stein_Smith_House "Melvyn Maxwell and Sara Stein Smith House") * [Smith, R.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_C._Smith_House "Richard C. Smith House") * [Sondem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Sondern_House "Clarence Sondern House") * [Spencer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Spencer_House "Dudley Spencer House") * [Staley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_A._Staley_House "Karl A. Staley House") * [Stockman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._G.C._Stockman_House "Dr. G.C. Stockman House") * [Storer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storer_House_(Los_Angeles) "Storer House (Los Angeles)") * [Stromquist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_M_Stromquist_House "Don M Stromquist House") * [Sturges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Sturges_House "George Sturges House") * [Sullivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sullivan_Bungalow "Louis Sullivan Bungalow") * [Sunday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Sunday_House "Robert H. Sunday House") * [Sutton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_P._Sutton_House "Harvey P. Sutton House") * [Sweeton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.A._Sweeton_Residence "J.A. Sweeton Residence") * [Tan-y-Deri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan-y-Deri "Tan-y-Deri") * [Thaxton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Thaxton_Jr._House "William L. Thaxton Jr. House") * [Thomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_W._Thomas_House "Frank W. Thomas House") * [Tomek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._F._Tomek_House "F. F. Tomek House") * [Tonkens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_B._and_Beverley_Tonkens_House "Gerald B. and Beverley Tonkens House") * [Tracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_House "Tracy House") * [Trier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._and_Ida_Trier_House "Paul J. and Ida Trier House") * [Turkel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_H._Turkel_House "Dorothy H. Turkel House") * [Wall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_D._Wall_House "Carlton D. Wall House") * [Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Clinton_Walker_House "Mrs. Clinton Walker House") * [Walser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Walser_Jr._House "J. J. Walser Jr. House") * [Walter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Rock_State_Park "Cedar Rock State Park") * [Westcott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westcott_House_(Springfield,_Ohio) "Westcott House (Springfield, Ohio)") * [Westhope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westhope "Westhope") * [Weltzheimer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltzheimer/Johnson_House "Weltzheimer/Johnson House") * [Willey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Willey_House "Malcolm Willey House") * [Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauncey_L._Williams_Residence "Chauncey L. Williams Residence") * [Willits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willits_House "Willits House") * [Wingspread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingspread "Wingspread") * [Winslow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winslow_House_(River_Forest,_Illinois) "Winslow House (River Forest, Illinois)") * [Woolley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_J._Woolley_House "Francis J. Woolley House") * [Wright, D. and G.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_and_Gladys_Wright_House "David and Gladys Wright House") * [Wright, D. and J.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duey_and_Julia_Wright_House "Duey and Julia Wright House") * [Wright, R.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Llewellyn_Wright_House "Robert Llewellyn Wright House") * [Wynant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur_Wynant_House "Wilbur Wynant House") * [Yamamura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodokō_Guest_House "Yodokō Guest House") * [Young](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_P._Young_House "Harrison P. Young House") * [Zeigler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_R._Zeigler_House "Jesse R. Zeigler House") * [Zimmerman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerman_House_(Manchester,_New_Hampshire) "Zimmerman House (Manchester, New Hampshire)") |
| Housing systems | * [American System-Built Homes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_System-Built_Homes "American System-Built Homes") * [Erdman Prefab Houses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Erdman_Prefab_Houses "Marshall Erdman Prefab Houses") * [Fireproof House for $5000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Fireproof_House_for_$5000 "A Fireproof House for $5000") * [Galesburg Country Homes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Acres "The Acres") * [Parkwyn Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkwyn_Village "Parkwyn Village") * [Ravine Bluffs Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravine_Bluffs_Development "Ravine Bluffs Development") * [Suntop Homes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suntop_Homes "Suntop Homes") * [Usonia Homes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usonia_Historic_District "Usonia Historic District") * [Textile block house](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_block_house "Textile block house") |
| Other | * [Anderton Court Shops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderton_Court_Shops "Anderton Court Shops") * [Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annunciation_Greek_Orthodox_Church "Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church") * [Arizona Biltmore Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Biltmore_Hotel "Arizona Biltmore Hotel") * [Auldbrass Plantation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auldbrass_Plantation "Auldbrass Plantation") * [Banff National Park Pavilion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banff_National_Park_Pavilion "Banff National Park Pavilion") * [Beth Sholom Synagogue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_Sholom_Synagogue_(Elkins_Park,_Pennsylvania) "Beth Sholom Synagogue (Elkins Park, Pennsylvania)") * [Child of the Sun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_of_the_Sun "Child of the Sun") at [Florida Southern College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Southern_College "Florida Southern College") * [Community Christian Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Christian_Church_(Kansas_City,_Missouri) "Community Christian Church (Kansas City, Missouri)") * [Como Orchard Summer Colony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Como_Orchards_Summer_Colony_One-Room_Cottage "Como Orchards Summer Colony One-Room Cottage") * [Coonley School Playhouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avery_Coonley_School "Avery Coonley School") * [E-Z Polish Factory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Z_Polish_Factory "E-Z Polish Factory") * [Eddie's House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie's_House "Eddie's House") * [Fasbender Medical Clinic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasbender_Clinic "Fasbender Clinic") * [German Warehouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._D._German_Warehouse "A. D. German Warehouse") * [Guggenheim Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum "Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum") * [Hillside Home School I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillside_Home_School_I "Hillside Home School I") * [Hillside Home School II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillside_Home_School_II "Hillside Home School II") * [Hoffman Auto Showroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffman_Auto_Showroom "Hoffman Auto Showroom") * [Horse Show Fountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_Show_Fountain "Horse Show Fountain") * [Humphreys Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalita_Humphreys_Theater "Kalita Humphreys Theater") * [Imperial Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Hotel,_Tokyo "Imperial Hotel, Tokyo") * [Jiyu Gakuen Girls' School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiyu_Gakuen_Girls'_School "Jiyu Gakuen Girls' School") * [Johnson Wax Headquarters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Wax_Headquarters "Johnson Wax Headquarters") * [Kundert Medical Clinic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundert_Medical_Clinic "Kundert Medical Clinic") * [Lake Mendota Boathouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mendota_Boathouse "Lake Mendota Boathouse") * [Lamp Cottage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Lamp_Cottage "Robert M. Lamp Cottage") * [Larkin Administration Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larkin_Administration_Building "Larkin Administration Building") * [Lawrence Memorial Library (Springfield, Illinois)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Memorial_Library_(Springfield,_Illinois) "Lawrence Memorial Library (Springfield, Illinois)") * [Lindholm Service Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._W._Lindholm_Service_Station "R. W. Lindholm Service Station") * [Lockridge Medical Clinic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockridge_Medical_Clinic "Lockridge Medical Clinic") * [Marin County Civic Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_County_Civic_Center "Marin County Civic Center") * [Midway Barn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midway_Barn "Midway Barn") * [Midway Gardens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midway_Gardens "Midway Gardens") * [Riverview Terrace Restaurant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverview_Terrace_Restaurant "Riverview Terrace Restaurant") * [Roberts Stable](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Roberts_Stable "Charles E. Roberts Stable") * [Rookery Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rookery_Building "Rookery Building") * [Romeo and Juliet Windmill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet_Windmill "Romeo and Juliet Windmill") * [Park Inn Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Inn_Hotel "Park Inn Hotel") * [Pettit Chapel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pettit_Memorial_Chapel "Pettit Memorial Chapel") * [Pilgrim Congregational Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim_Congregational_Church_(Redding,_California) "Pilgrim Congregational Church (Redding, California)") * [Price Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_Tower "Price Tower") * [Frank L. Smith Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_L._Smith_Bank "Frank L. Smith Bank") * [Teater Studio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Teater_Studio "Archie Teater Studio") * [Unitarian Society Meeting House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Unitarian_Society_of_Madison "First Unitarian Society of Madison") * [Unity Chapel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Chapel "Unity Chapel") * [Unity Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Temple "Unity Temple") * [V. C. Morris Gift Shop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._C._Morris_Gift_Shop "V. C. Morris Gift Shop") * [Waller Apartments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waller_Apartments "Waller Apartments") * [Wyoming Valley School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming_Valley_School "Wyoming Valley School") |
| Posthumous | * [Blue Sky Mausoleum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Sky_Mausoleum "Blue Sky Mausoleum") * [Gammage Memorial Auditorium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammage_Memorial_Auditorium "Gammage Memorial Auditorium") * [King Kamehameha Golf Course Clubhouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kamehameha_Golf_Course_Clubhouse "King Kamehameha Golf Course Clubhouse") * [Massaro House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massaro_House "Massaro House") * [Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monona_Terrace "Monona Terrace") * [Sharp Family Tourism and Education Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Family_Tourism_and_Education_Center "Sharp Family Tourism and Education Center") |
| Unbuilt | * [Broadacre City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadacre_City "Broadacre City") * [Crystal Heights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Heights "Crystal Heights") * [Gordon Strong Automobile Objective](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Strong_Automobile_Objective "Gordon Strong Automobile Objective") * [The Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Illinois "The Illinois") * [Plan for Greater Baghdad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_for_Greater_Baghdad "Plan for Greater Baghdad") * [Point Park Civic Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Park_Civic_Center "Point Park Civic Center") |
| Film props | * *[The Day the Earth Stood Still](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Stood_Still "The Day the Earth Stood Still")* (1951 film, designed spacecraft) |
| Related | * [Taliesin Associated Architects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin_Associated_Architects "Taliesin Associated Architects") * *[Wasmuth Portfolio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasmuth_Portfolio "Wasmuth Portfolio")* * [Prairie School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_School "Prairie School") * [Wright Building Conservancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright_Building_Conservancy "Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy") * [Wright–Prairie School of Architecture Historic District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright–Prairie_School_of_Architecture_Historic_District "Frank Lloyd Wright–Prairie School of Architecture Historic District") * [UNESCO World Heritage Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_20th-Century_Architecture_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright "The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright") * [Usonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usonia "Usonia") |
| People | * [Olgivanna Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olgivanna_Lloyd_Wright "Olgivanna Lloyd Wright") (3rd wife) * [Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Wright "Lloyd Wright") (son) * [John Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lloyd_Wright "John Lloyd Wright") (son) * [Anne Baxter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Baxter "Anne Baxter") (granddaughter) * [Eric Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Lloyd_Wright "Eric Lloyd Wright") (grandson) * [Maginel Wright Enright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maginel_Wright_Enright "Maginel Wright Enright") (sister) * [Richard Bock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bock "Richard Bock") (associate) * [Mamah Borthwick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamah_Borthwick "Mamah Borthwick") (client and lover) * [Marion Griffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Mahony_Griffin "Marion Mahony Griffin") (associate) * [Walter Burley Griffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burley_Griffin "Walter Burley Griffin") (associate) * [George Mann Niedecken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mann_Niedecken "George Mann Niedecken") * [Jaroslav Josef Polívka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Josef_Polívka "Jaroslav Josef Polívka") (associate) |
| Popular culture | * "[So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Long,_Frank_Lloyd_Wright "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright")" (1970 song) * *[Shining Brow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shining_Brow "Shining Brow")* (1993 opera) * *[Work Song: Three Views of Frank Lloyd Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_Song:_Three_Views_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Work Song: Three Views of Frank Lloyd Wright")* (2000 play) * *[The Wright 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wright_3 "The Wright 3")* (2006 children's novel) * *[Loving Frank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loving_Frank "Loving Frank")* (2007 novel) * *[The Last Wright: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Park Inn Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Wright:_Frank_Lloyd_Wright_and_the_Park_Inn_Hotel "The Last Wright: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Park Inn Hotel")* (2008 documentary) * *[The Women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Women_(Boyle_novel) "The Women (Boyle novel)")* (2009 novel) * *[Fallingwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater_(composition) "Fallingwater (composition)")* (2013 concerto) |
| * [Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright "commons:Category:Frank Lloyd Wright") * [Wikinews](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright "n:Special:Search/Frank Lloyd Wright") * [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright "q:Special:Search/Frank Lloyd Wright") | |

| * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:NHLs_in_PA "Template:NHLs in PA") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:NHLs_in_PA?action=edit&redlink=1 "Template talk:NHLs in PA") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NHLs_in_PA "Special:EditPage/Template:NHLs in PA")  [National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Pennsylvania "List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania") | |
| --- | --- |
| Allegheny County | * [Allegheny County Courthouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_County_Courthouse "Allegheny County Courthouse") * [Bost Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bost_Building "Bost Building") * [Braddock Carnegie Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braddock_Carnegie_Library "Braddock Carnegie Library") * [Carrie Furnace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie_Furnace "Carrie Furnace") * [Chatham Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Village "Chatham Village") * [Emmanuel Episcopal Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Episcopal_Church_(Pittsburgh) "Emmanuel Episcopal Church (Pittsburgh)") * [Kennywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennywood "Kennywood") * [Oakmont Country Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakmont_Country_Club "Oakmont Country Club") * [Point State Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_State_Park "Point State Park") * [Smithfield Street Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithfield_Street_Bridge "Smithfield Street Bridge") * [Woodville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodville_(Heidelberg,_Pennsylvania) "Woodville (Heidelberg, Pennsylvania)") |
| Bucks County | * [Andalusia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusia_(estate) "Andalusia (estate)") * [Pearl S. Buck House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck_House "Pearl S. Buck House") * [Buckingham Friends Meeting House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Friends_Meeting_House "Buckingham Friends Meeting House") * [Delaware Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Canal_(Delaware_Division) "Pennsylvania Canal (Delaware Division)") * [Fonthill, Mercer Museum and Moravian Pottery and Tile Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonthill,_Mercer_Museum_and_Moravian_Pottery_and_Tile_Works "Fonthill, Mercer Museum and Moravian Pottery and Tile Works") * [Honey Hollow Watershed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_Hollow_Watershed "Honey Hollow Watershed") * [George Nakashima House, Studio and Workshop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Nakashima_House,_Studio_and_Workshop "George Nakashima House, Studio and Workshop") * [Summerseat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerseat_(Morrisville,_Pennsylvania) "Summerseat (Morrisville, Pennsylvania)") * [Washington's Crossing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington's_Crossing "Washington's Crossing")   + [Washington Crossing Historic Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Crossing_Historic_Park "Washington Crossing Historic Park") |
| Montgomery County | * [Augustus Lutheran Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Lutheran_Church "Augustus Lutheran Church") * [Beth Sholom Synagogue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_Sholom_Synagogue_(Elkins_Park,_Pennsylvania) "Beth Sholom Synagogue (Elkins Park, Pennsylvania)") * [Bryn Athyn Historic District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryn_Athyn_Historic_District "Bryn Athyn Historic District") * [Graeme Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeme_Park_(Horsham,_Pennsylvania) "Graeme Park (Horsham, Pennsylvania)") * [Grey Towers Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Towers_Castle "Grey Towers Castle") * [Henry Antes House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Antes_House "Henry Antes House") * [Merion Cricket Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merion_Cricket_Club "Merion Cricket Club") * [Merion Friends Meeting House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merion_Friends_Meeting_House "Merion Friends Meeting House") * [Mill Grove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill_Grove "Mill Grove") * [Old Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Library_(Bryn_Mawr_College) "Old Library (Bryn Mawr College)") * [Washington's Headquarters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington's_Headquarters_(Valley_Forge) "Washington's Headquarters (Valley Forge)") * [Woodmont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodmont_(Gladwyne,_Pennsylvania) "Woodmont (Gladwyne, Pennsylvania)") |
| [Philadelphia County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Philadelphia "List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia") | * [Academy of Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Music_(Philadelphia) "Academy of Music (Philadelphia)") * [Arch Street Friends Meeting House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Street_Friends_Meeting_House "Arch Street Friends Meeting House") * [Athenaeum of Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenaeum_of_Philadelphia "Athenaeum of Philadelphia") * [Bartram's Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartram's_Garden "Bartram's Garden") * [Belfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfield_(Philadelphia) "Belfield (Philadelphia)") * [Boathouse Row](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boathouse_Row "Boathouse Row") * [Carpenters' Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenters'_Hall "Carpenters' Hall") * [Christ Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Church_(Philadelphia) "Christ Church (Philadelphia)") * [Church of St. James the Less](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St._James_the_Less_(Philadelphia) "Church of St. James the Less (Philadelphia)") * [Church of the Advocate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Advocate "Church of the Advocate") * [Cliveden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliveden_(Benjamin_Chew_House) "Cliveden (Benjamin Chew House)") * [College of Physicians of Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_Physicians_of_Philadelphia "College of Physicians of Philadelphia") * [Colonial Germantown Historic District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Germantown_Historic_District "Colonial Germantown Historic District") * [Eastern State Penitentiary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_State_Penitentiary "Eastern State Penitentiary") * [Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_National_Historic_Site "Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site") * [Edward Drinker Cope House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Drinker_Cope_House "Edward Drinker Cope House") * [Edwin Forrest House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Forrest_House "Edwin Forrest House") * [Elfreth's Alley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfreth's_Alley "Elfreth's Alley") * [Fairmount Water Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairmount_Water_Works "Fairmount Water Works") * [First Bank of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Bank_of_the_United_States "First Bank of the United States") * [Fisher Fine Arts Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_Fine_Arts_Library "Fisher Fine Arts Library") * [Fort Mifflin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Mifflin "Fort Mifflin") * [Frances Ellen Watkins Harper House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Ellen_Watkins_Harper_House "Frances Ellen Watkins Harper House") * [Friends Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends_Hospital "Friends Hospital") * [Germantown Cricket Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germantown_Cricket_Club "Germantown Cricket Club") * [Girard College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girard_College "Girard College") * [Henry O. Tanner House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_O._Tanner_House "Henry O. Tanner House") * [Hill–Physick–Keith House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill–Physick–Keith_House "Hill–Physick–Keith House") * [Historic RittenhouseTown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_RittenhouseTown "Historic RittenhouseTown") * [Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_the_Pennsylvania_Hospital "Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital") * [Insurance Company of North America Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance_Company_of_North_America_Building_(Philadelphia) "Insurance Company of North America Building (Philadelphia)") * [J. Peter Lesley House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Peter_Lesley_House "J. Peter Lesley House") * [John Coltrane House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coltrane_House "John Coltrane House") * [John Johnson House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Johnson_House_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania) "John Johnson House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)") * [John Wanamaker Store](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wanamaker_Store "John Wanamaker Store") * [Laurel Hill Cemetery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Hill_Cemetery "Laurel Hill Cemetery") * [Masonic Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonic_Temple_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania) "Masonic Temple (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)") * [Memorial Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Hall_(Philadelphia) "Memorial Hall (Philadelphia)") * [Merchants' Exchange Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchants'_Exchange_Building_(Philadelphia) "Merchants' Exchange Building (Philadelphia)") * [Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Bethel_A.M.E._Church "Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church") * [Mount Pleasant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_(mansion) "Mount Pleasant (mansion)") * [Naval Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Square,_Philadelphia "Naval Square, Philadelphia") * [New Century Guild](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Century_Guild "New Century Guild") * [New Market and Head House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Market_and_Head_House "New Market and Head House") * [PSFS Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSFS_Building "PSFS Building") * [Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts "Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts") * [Pennsylvania Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hospital "Pennsylvania Hospital") * [Philadelphia City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall "Philadelphia City Hall") * [Philadelphia Contributionship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Contributionship "Philadelphia Contributionship") * [Philosophical Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_Hall "Philosophical Hall") * [Race Street Friends Meetinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_Street_Friends_Meetinghouse "Race Street Friends Meetinghouse") * [Reading Terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_Terminal "Reading Terminal") * [Reynolds-Morris House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds-Morris_House "Reynolds-Morris House") * [Richards Medical Research Laboratories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richards_Medical_Research_Laboratories "Richards Medical Research Laboratories") * [Second Bank of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States "Second Bank of the United States") * [St. Mark's Episcopal Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mark's_Episcopal_Church_(Philadelphia) "St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Philadelphia)") * [St. Peter's Episcopal Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter's_Episcopal_Church_(Philadelphia) "St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Philadelphia)") * [Stenton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenton_(mansion) "Stenton (mansion)") * [The Woodlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Woodlands_(Philadelphia) "The Woodlands (Philadelphia)") * [Thomas Eakins House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Eakins_House "Thomas Eakins House") * [Thomas Sully Residence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sully_Residence "Thomas Sully Residence") * [USS Becuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Becuna "USS Becuna") * [USS Olympia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Olympia_(C-6) "USS Olympia (C-6)") * [Wagner Free Institute of Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Free_Institute_of_Science "Wagner Free Institute of Science") * [Walnut Street Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnut_Street_Theatre "Walnut Street Theatre") * [Woodford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodford_(mansion) "Woodford (mansion)") * [Wyck House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyck_House "Wyck House") |
| Rest of the state | * [Allegheny Portage Railroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Portage_Railroad "Allegheny Portage Railroad") * [Asa Packer Mansion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa_Packer_Mansion "Asa Packer Mansion") * [Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beginning_Point_of_the_U.S._Public_Land_Survey "Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey") * [Benjamin West Birthplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_West_Birthplace "Benjamin West Birthplace") * [Bethlehem Waterworks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem_Waterworks "Bethlehem Waterworks") * [Bomberger's Distillery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomberger's_Distillery "Bomberger's Distillery") * [Brandywine Battlefield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_Battlefield "Brandywine Battlefield") * [Bushy Run Battlefield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy_Run_Battlefield "Bushy Run Battlefield") * [Cambria Iron Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambria_Iron_Company "Cambria Iron Company") * [Carlisle Indian Industrial School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlisle_Indian_Industrial_School "Carlisle Indian Industrial School") * [Cedarcroft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedarcroft "Cedarcroft") * [Conrad Weiser Homestead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Weiser_Homestead "Conrad Weiser Homestead") * [Cornwall Iron Furnace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwall_Iron_Furnace "Cornwall Iron Furnace") * [David Bradford House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bradford_House "David Bradford House") * [Delaware and Hudson Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_and_Hudson_Canal "Delaware and Hudson Canal") * [Drake Well](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_Well "Drake Well") * [East Broad Top Railroad and Coal Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Broad_Top_Railroad_and_Coal_Company "East Broad Top Railroad and Coal Company") * [Edward G. Acheson House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_G._Acheson_House "Edward G. Acheson House") * [Eisenhower National Historic Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower_National_Historic_Site "Eisenhower National Historic Site") * [Ephrata Cloister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephrata_Cloister "Ephrata Cloister") * [Espy House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espy_House "Espy House") * [F. Julius LeMoyne House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Julius_LeMoyne_House "F. Julius LeMoyne House") * [Fallingwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater) * [Friendship Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_Hill "Friendship Hill") * [Fulton Opera House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton_Opera_House "Fulton Opera House") * [Gen. Frederick Von Steuben Headquarters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen._Frederick_Von_Steuben_Headquarters "Gen. Frederick Von Steuben Headquarters") * [George Taylor House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Taylor_House_(Catasauqua,_Pennsylvania) "George Taylor House (Catasauqua, Pennsylvania)") * [Grey Towers National Historic Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Towers_National_Historic_Site "Grey Towers National Historic Site") * [Gruber Wagon Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruber_Wagon_Works "Gruber Wagon Works") * [Harmony Historic District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony_Historic_District "Harmony Historic District") * [Harrisburg Transportation Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisburg_Transportation_Center "Harrisburg Transportation Center") * [Historic Moravian Bethlehem District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_Moravian_Bethlehem_District "Historic Moravian Bethlehem District") * [Horseshoe Curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_Curve_(Pennsylvania) "Horseshoe Curve (Pennsylvania)") * [Humphry Marshall House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphry_Marshall_House "Humphry Marshall House") * [Isaac Meason House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Meason_House "Isaac Meason House") * [Joseph Priestley House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestley_House "Joseph Priestley House") * [Keim Homestead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keim_Homestead "Keim Homestead") * [Kentuck Knob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuck_Knob "Kentuck Knob") * [Kuerner Farm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuerner_Farm "Kuerner Farm") * [Leap-The-Dips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap-The-Dips "Leap-The-Dips") * [Lewis David de Schweinitz Residence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_David_de_Schweinitz_Residence "Lewis David de Schweinitz Residence") * [Lightfoot Mill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightfoot_Mill "Lightfoot Mill") * [Lukens Historic District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukens_Historic_District "Lukens Historic District") * [Matthew S. Quay House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_S._Quay_House "Matthew S. Quay House") * [Meadowcroft Rockshelter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter "Meadowcroft Rockshelter") * [Merion Golf Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merion_Golf_Club "Merion Golf Club") * [Milton S. Hershey Mansion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_S._Hershey_Mansion "Milton S. Hershey Mansion") * [Minisink Archaeological Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minisink_Archaeological_Site "Minisink Archaeological Site") * [N. C. Wyeth House and Studio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N._C._Wyeth_House_and_Studio "N. C. Wyeth House and Studio") * [Old Economy Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Economy_Village "Old Economy Village") * [Old West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_West,_Dickinson_College "Old West, Dickinson College") * [Omni Bedford Springs Resort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omni_Bedford_Springs_Resort "Omni Bedford Springs Resort") * [Delaware Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Canal_(Delaware_Division) "Pennsylvania Canal (Delaware Division)") * [Pennsylvania State Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Capitol "Pennsylvania State Capitol") * [Pulpit Rocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulpit_Rocks "Pulpit Rocks") * [Robert Fulton Birthplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fulton_Birthplace "Robert Fulton Birthplace") * [Schaeffer House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaeffer_House "Schaeffer House") * [Searights Tollhouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searights_Tollhouse,_National_Road "Searights Tollhouse, National Road") * [Simon Cameron House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Cameron_House "Simon Cameron House") * [St. Mark's Episcopal Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mark's_Episcopal_Church_(Jim_Thorpe,_Pennsylvania) "St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania)") * [Staple Bend Tunnel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_Bend_Tunnel "Staple Bend Tunnel") * [Stiegel-Coleman House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiegel-Coleman_House "Stiegel-Coleman House") * [Terence V. Powderly House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_V._Powderly_House "Terence V. Powderly House") * [The Printzhof](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Printzhof "The Printzhof") * [Union Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Canal_(Pennsylvania) "Union Canal (Pennsylvania)") * [Valley Forge National Historical Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_Forge_National_Historical_Park "Valley Forge National Historical Park") * [W. A. Young and Sons Foundry and Machine Shop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._A._Young_and_Sons_Foundry_and_Machine_Shop "W. A. Young and Sons Foundry and Machine Shop") * [Waynesborough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waynesborough "Waynesborough") * [Wharton Esherick Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton_Esherick_Museum "Wharton Esherick Museum") * [Wheatland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheatland_(James_Buchanan_House) "Wheatland (James Buchanan House)") * [William Brinton 1704 House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Brinton_1704_House "William Brinton 1704 House") |

| * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Pennsylvania "Template:National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Pennsylvania "Template talk:National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Pennsylvania "Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania")  [US National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania") | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Topics | * [Contributing property](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributing_property "Contributing property") * [Keeper of the Register](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register "Keeper of the Register") * [Historic district](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States "Historic districts in the United States") * [History of the National Register of Historic Places](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places "History of the National Register of Historic Places") * [National Park Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service "National Park Service") * [Property types](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types "National Register of Historic Places property types") | [map](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_PA.svg) |
| Lists by county | * [Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Adams_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Pennsylvania") * [Allegheny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania") * [Armstrong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Armstrong_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania") * [Beaver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Beaver_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Beaver County, Pennsylvania") * [Bedford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Bedford_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Bedford County, Pennsylvania") * [Berks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Berks_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Berks County, Pennsylvania") * [Blair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Blair_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Blair County, Pennsylvania") * [Bradford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Bradford_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Bradford County, Pennsylvania") * [Bucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Bucks County, Pennsylvania") * [Butler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Butler_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Butler County, Pennsylvania") * [Cambria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cambria_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambria County, Pennsylvania") * [Cameron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cameron_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Cameron County, Pennsylvania") * [Carbon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Carbon_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Carbon County, Pennsylvania") * [Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Centre_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Centre County, Pennsylvania") * [Chester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Chester County, Pennsylvania")   + [East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_eastern_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania")   + [North](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northern_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Chester County, Pennsylvania")   + [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southern_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania") * [Clarion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clarion_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Clarion County, Pennsylvania") * [Clearfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clearfield_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania") * [Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clinton_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Clinton County, Pennsylvania") * [Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Columbia_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbia County, Pennsylvania") * [Crawford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Crawford_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Crawford County, Pennsylvania") * [Cumberland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania") * [Dauphin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Dauphin_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania") * [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware County, Pennsylvania") * [Elk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Elk_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Elk County, Pennsylvania") * [Erie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Erie_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Erie County, Pennsylvania") * [Fayette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Pennsylvania") * [Forest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Forest_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Forest County, Pennsylvania") * [Franklin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Franklin_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Pennsylvania") * [Fulton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fulton_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, Pennsylvania") * [Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Greene_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, Pennsylvania") * [Huntingdon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Huntingdon_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania") * [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana County, Pennsylvania") * [Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jefferson_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania") * [Juniata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Juniata_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Juniata County, Pennsylvania") * [Lackawanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lackawanna_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania") * [Lancaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania") * [Lawrence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lawrence_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania") * [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lebanon_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania") * [Lehigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lehigh_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania") * [Luzerne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania") * [Lycoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lycoming_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania") * [McKean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_McKean_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in McKean County, Pennsylvania") * [Mercer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mercer_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Mercer County, Pennsylvania") * [Mifflin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mifflin_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania") * [Monroe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Monroe_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, Pennsylvania") * [Montgomery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania") * [Montour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montour_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Montour County, Pennsylvania") * [Northampton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Northampton_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Northampton County, Pennsylvania") * [Northumberland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Northumberland_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania") * [Perry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Perry_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Perry County, Pennsylvania") * [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia") * [Pike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pike_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Pike County, Pennsylvania") * [Potter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Potter_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Potter County, Pennsylvania") * [Schuylkill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Schuylkill_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania") * [Snyder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Snyder_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Snyder County, Pennsylvania") * [Somerset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Somerset_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Somerset County, Pennsylvania") * [Sullivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Sullivan_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania") * [Susquehanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Susquehanna_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania") * [Tioga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tioga_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Tioga County, Pennsylvania") * [Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Union_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County, Pennsylvania") * [Venango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Venango_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Venango County, Pennsylvania") * [Warren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Warren_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, Pennsylvania") * [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Pennsylvania") * [Wayne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wayne_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Wayne County, Pennsylvania") * [Westmoreland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania") * [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania") * [York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_York_County,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Pennsylvania") |
| Lists by city | * [Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania") * [Lancaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lancaster,_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster, Pennsylvania") * [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia")   + [Center City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Center_City,_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in Center City, Philadelphia")   + [North](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in North Philadelphia")   + [Northeast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Northeast_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in Northeast Philadelphia")   + [Northwest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Northwest_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in Northwest Philadelphia")   + [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in South Philadelphia")   + [Southwest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Southwest_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in Southwest Philadelphia")   + [West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_West_Philadelphia "National Register of Historic Places listings in West Philadelphia") |
| Other lists | * [European archaeological sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_archaeological_sites_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Pennsylvania "List of European archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania") * [Native American archaeological sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Native_American_archaeological_sites_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Pennsylvania "List of Native American archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania") * [Bridges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bridges_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Pennsylvania "List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania")   + [covered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_covered_bridges_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Pennsylvania "List of covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania") * [National Historic Landmarks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Pennsylvania "List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania")   + [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Philadelphia "List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia") |
| * [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Pennsylvania "Category:National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania") * [NRHP portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places "Portal:National Register of Historic Places") | | |

| * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Modernism "Template:Modernism") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism "Template talk:Modernism") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism "Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism")  [Modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism "Modernism") | |
| --- | --- |
| Movements | * [Acmeism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmeist_poetry "Acmeist poetry") * *[Art Deco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco "Art Deco")* * *[Art Nouveau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau "Art Nouveau")* * [Ashcan School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashcan_School "Ashcan School") * [Constructivism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(art) "Constructivism (art)") * [Cubism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism "Cubism") * [Dada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada "Dada") * [Expressionism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionism "Expressionism")   + *[Der Blaue Reiter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter "Der Blaue Reiter")*   + *[Die Brücke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Brücke "Die Brücke")*   + [Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionist_music "Expressionist music") * [Fauvism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauvism "Fauvism") * [Functionalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture) "Functionalism (architecture)")   + [Bauhaus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus "Bauhaus") * [Futurism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism "Futurism") * [Imagism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagism "Imagism") * [Lettrism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettrism "Lettrism") * [Neoplasticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasticism "Neoplasticism")   + *[De Stijl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Stijl "De Stijl")* * [Orphism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphism_(art) "Orphism (art)") * [Surrealism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism "Surrealism") * [Symbolism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolism_(arts) "Symbolism (arts)") * [Synchromism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchromism "Synchromism") * [Tonalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonalism "Tonalism") |
| [Literary arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts "The arts") | |  |  | | --- | --- | | [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_modernism "Literary modernism") | * [Apollinaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire "Guillaume Apollinaire") * [Barnes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djuna_Barnes "Djuna Barnes") * [Beckett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beckett "Samuel Beckett") * [Bely](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Bely "Andrei Bely") * [Breton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Breton "André Breton") * [Broch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Broch "Hermann Broch") * [Bulgakov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov "Mikhail Bulgakov") * [Chekhov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov "Anton Chekhov") * [Conrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Conrad "Joseph Conrad") * [Döblin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Döblin "Alfred Döblin") * [Forster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._M._Forster "E. M. Forster") * [Faulkner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner "William Faulkner") * [Flaubert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert "Gustave Flaubert") * [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford "Ford Madox Ford") * [Gide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Gide "André Gide") * [Hamsun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut_Hamsun "Knut Hamsun") * [Hašek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Hašek "Jaroslav Hašek") * [Hemingway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway "Ernest Hemingway") * [Hesse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Hesse "Hermann Hesse") * [Joyce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce "James Joyce") * [Kafka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Kafka "Franz Kafka") * [Koestler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Koestler "Arthur Koestler") * [Lawrence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence "D. H. Lawrence") * [Mann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mann "Thomas Mann") * [Mansfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield "Katherine Mansfield") * [Marinetti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti "Filippo Tommaso Marinetti") * [Musil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Musil "Robert Musil") * [Dos Passos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dos_Passos "John Dos Passos") * [Platonov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Platonov "Andrei Platonov") * [Porter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter "Katherine Anne Porter") * [Proust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Proust "Marcel Proust") * [Stein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Stein "Gertrude Stein") * [Svevo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo_Svevo "Italo Svevo") * [Unamuno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno "Miguel de Unamuno") * [Woolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Woolf "Virginia Woolf") | | [Poetry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_poetry "Modernist poetry") | * [Akhmatova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova "Anna Akhmatova") * [Aldington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Aldington "Richard Aldington") * [Auden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._H._Auden "W. H. Auden") * [Cendrars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars "Blaise Cendrars") * [Crane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart_Crane "Hart Crane") * [H.D.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.D. "H.D.") * [Desnos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Desnos "Robert Desnos") * [Eliot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot "T. S. Eliot") * [Éluard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Éluard "Paul Éluard") * [Elytis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis "Odysseas Elytis") * [George](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_George "Stefan George") * [Jacob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Jacob "Max Jacob") * [Lorca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_García_Lorca "Federico García Lorca") * [Lowell (Amy)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Lowell "Amy Lowell") * [Lowell (Robert)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lowell "Robert Lowell") * [Mallarmé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stéphane_Mallarmé "Stéphane Mallarmé") * [Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Moore "Marianne Moore") * [Owen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Owen "Wilfred Owen") * [Pessoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa "Fernando Pessoa") * [Pound](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Pound "Ezra Pound") * [Rilke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke "Rainer Maria Rilke") * [Seferis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis "Giorgos Seferis") * [Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Stevens "Wallace Stevens") * [Thomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Thomas "Dylan Thomas") * [Tzara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_Tzara "Tristan Tzara") * [Valéry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Valéry "Paul Valéry") * [Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams "William Carlos Williams") * [Yeats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._B._Yeats "W. B. Yeats") | | Works | * *[In Search of Lost Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time "In Search of Lost Time")* (1913–1927) * *[The Metamorphosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metamorphosis "The Metamorphosis")* (1915) * *[Ulysses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_(novel) "Ulysses (novel)")* (1922) * *[The Waste Land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Waste_Land "The Waste Land")* (1922) * *[The Magic Mountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain "The Magic Mountain")* (1924) * *[Mrs Dalloway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway "Mrs Dalloway")* (1925) * *[The Sun Also Rises](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises "The Sun Also Rises")* (1926) * *[The Master and Margarita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita "The Master and Margarita")* (1928–1940) * *[The Sound and the Fury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury "The Sound and the Fury")* (1929) | |
| [Visual arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts "Visual arts") | |  |  | | --- | --- | | [Painting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art "Modern art") | * [Albers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Albers "Josef Albers") * [Arp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Arp "Jean Arp") * [Balthus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthus "Balthus") * [Bellows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bellows "George Bellows") * [Boccioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni "Umberto Boccioni") * [Bonnard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard "Pierre Bonnard") * [Brâncuși](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brâncuși "Constantin Brâncuși") * [Braque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Braque "Georges Braque") * [Calder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Calder "Alexander Calder") * [Cassatt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt "Mary Cassatt") * [Cézanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Cézanne "Paul Cézanne") * [Chagall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Chagall "Marc Chagall") * [Chirico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico "Giorgio de Chirico") * [Claudel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Claudel "Camille Claudel") * [Dalí](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dalí "Salvador Dalí") * [Degas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Degas "Edgar Degas") * [Delaunay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Delaunay "Robert Delaunay") * [Delaunay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay "Sonia Delaunay") * [Demuth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Demuth "Charles Demuth") * [Dix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Dix "Otto Dix") * [Doesburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg "Theo van Doesburg") * [Duchamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp "Marcel Duchamp") * [Dufy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Dufy "Raoul Dufy") * [Ensor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ensor "James Ensor") * [Ernst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Ernst "Max Ernst") * [Gauguin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gauguin "Paul Gauguin") * [Giacometti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti "Alberto Giacometti") * [Goncharova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova "Natalia Goncharova") * [Gris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Gris "Juan Gris") * [Grosz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz "George Grosz") * [Höch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Höch "Hannah Höch") * [Hopper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Hopper "Edward Hopper") * [Kahlo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Kahlo "Frida Kahlo") * [Kandinsky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky "Wassily Kandinsky") * [Kirchner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner "Ernst Ludwig Kirchner") * [Klee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee "Paul Klee") * [Kokoschka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka "Oskar Kokoschka") * [Kooning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning "Willem de Kooning") * [Lawrence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Lawrence "Jacob Lawrence") * [Léger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Léger "Fernand Léger") * [Magritte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Magritte "René Magritte") * [Malevich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich "Kazimir Malevich") * [Manet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Édouard_Manet "Édouard Manet") * [Marc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Marc "Franz Marc") * [Matisse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Matisse "Henri Matisse") * [Metzinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Metzinger "Jean Metzinger") * [Miró](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Miró "Joan Miró") * [Modigliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani "Amedeo Modigliani") * [Mondrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet_Mondrian "Piet Mondrian") * [Monet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Monet "Claude Monet") * [Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moore "Henry Moore") * [Munch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch "Edvard Munch") * [Nolde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Nolde "Emil Nolde") * [O'Keeffe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_O'Keeffe "Georgia O'Keeffe") * [Picabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Picabia "Francis Picabia") * [Picasso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso "Pablo Picasso") * [Pissarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Pissarro "Camille Pissarro") * [Ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_Ray "Man Ray") * [Redon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odilon_Redon "Odilon Redon") * [Renoir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir "Pierre-Auguste Renoir") * [Rodin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Rodin "Auguste Rodin") * [Rousseau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Rousseau "Henri Rousseau") * [Schiele](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_Schiele "Egon Schiele") * [Seurat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Seurat "Georges Seurat") * [Signac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Signac "Paul Signac") * [Sisley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Sisley "Alfred Sisley") * [Soutine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Soutine "Chaim Soutine") * [Steichen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Steichen "Edward Steichen") * [Stieglitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz "Alfred Stieglitz") * [Toulouse-Lautrec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec") * [Van Gogh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh "Vincent van Gogh") * [Vuillard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Édouard_Vuillard "Édouard Vuillard") * [Wood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant_Wood "Grant Wood") | | [Film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_film "Modernist film") | * [Akerman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Akerman "Chantal Akerman") * [Aldrich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Aldrich "Robert Aldrich") * [Antonioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni "Michelangelo Antonioni") * [Avery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex_Avery "Tex Avery") * [Bergman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman "Ingmar Bergman") * [Brakhage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Brakhage "Stan Brakhage") * [Bresson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bresson "Robert Bresson") * [Bute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Bute "Mary Ellen Bute") * [Buñuel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Buñuel "Luis Buñuel") * [Carné](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Carné "Marcel Carné") * [Cassavetes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cassavetes "John Cassavetes") * [Chaplin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin "Charlie Chaplin") * [Clair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Clair "René Clair") * [Cocteau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Cocteau "Jean Cocteau") * [Conner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Conner "Bruce Conner") * [Dassin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Dassin "Jules Dassin") * [Deren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Deren "Maya Deren") * [Dovzhenko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko "Alexander Dovzhenko") * [Dreyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer "Carl Theodor Dreyer") * [Edwards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Edwards "Blake Edwards") * [Eisenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein "Sergei Eisenstein") * [Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Epstein "Jean Epstein") * [Fassbinder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder "Rainer Werner Fassbinder") * [Fellini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Fellini "Federico Fellini") * [Flaherty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty "Robert J. Flaherty") * [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ford "John Ford") * [Fuller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Fuller "Samuel Fuller") * [Gance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_Gance "Abel Gance") * [Godard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard "Jean-Luc Godard") * [Hitchcock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock "Alfred Hitchcock") * [Hubley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hubley "John Hubley") * [Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Jones "Chuck Jones") * [Keaton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buster_Keaton "Buster Keaton") * [Kubrick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick "Stanley Kubrick") * [Kuleshov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov "Lev Kuleshov") * [Kurosawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa "Akira Kurosawa") * [Lang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Lang "Fritz Lang") * [Lipsett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lipsett "Arthur Lipsett") * [Losey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Losey "Joseph Losey") * [Lupino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Lupino "Ida Lupino") * [Lye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len_Lye "Len Lye") * [Marker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Marker "Chris Marker") * [McLaren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_McLaren "Norman McLaren") * [Micheaux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Micheaux "Oscar Micheaux") * [Minnelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli "Vincente Minnelli") * [Murnau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._Murnau "F. W. Murnau") * [Ozu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasujirō_Ozu "Yasujirō Ozu") * [Pabst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._W._Pabst "G. W. Pabst") * [Pudovkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin "Vsevolod Pudovkin") * [Ray (Nicholas)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Ray "Nicholas Ray") * [Ray (Satyajit)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyajit_Ray "Satyajit Ray") * [Resnais](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Resnais "Alain Resnais") * [Renoir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Renoir "Jean Renoir") * [Richardson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Richardson "Tony Richardson") * [Rossellini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini "Roberto Rossellini") * [Sirk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk "Douglas Sirk") * [Sjöström](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Sjöström "Victor Sjöström") * [Sternberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg "Josef von Sternberg") * [Tarkovsky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky "Andrei Tarkovsky") * [Tati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Tati "Jacques Tati") * [Trnka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiří_Trnka "Jiří Trnka") * [Týrlová](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermína_Týrlová "Hermína Týrlová") * [Truffaut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Truffaut "François Truffaut") * [Varda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnès_Varda "Agnès Varda") * [Vertov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziga_Vertov "Dziga Vertov") * [Vigo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Vigo "Jean Vigo") * [Welles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orson_Welles "Orson Welles") * [Wiene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wiene "Robert Wiene") * [Wood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Wood "Ed Wood") | | [Architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture "Modern architecture") | * [Breuer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Breuer "Marcel Breuer") * [Bunshaft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft "Gordon Bunshaft") * [Gaudí](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Gaudí "Antoni Gaudí") * [Gropius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gropius "Walter Gropius") * [Guimard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Guimard "Hector Guimard") * [Horta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta "Victor Horta") * [Hundertwasser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser "Friedensreich Hundertwasser") * [Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Johnson "Philip Johnson") * [Kahn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Kahn "Louis Kahn") * [Le Corbusier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Corbusier "Le Corbusier") * [Loos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Loos "Adolf Loos") * [Melnikov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov "Konstantin Melnikov") * [Mendelsohn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn "Erich Mendelsohn") * [Mies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe "Ludwig Mies van der Rohe") * [Nervi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi "Pier Luigi Nervi") * [Neutra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neutra "Richard Neutra") * [Niemeyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer "Oscar Niemeyer") * [Rietveld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld "Gerrit Rietveld") * [Saarinen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Saarinen "Eero Saarinen") * [Steiner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner "Rudolf Steiner") * [Sullivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sullivan "Louis Sullivan") * [Tatlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin "Vladimir Tatlin") * [Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright "Frank Lloyd Wright") | | Works | * *[A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte")* (1886) * *[Mont Sainte-Victoir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(Cézanne) "Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)")* (1887) * *[The Starry Night](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Starry_Night "The Starry Night")* (1889) * *[Les Demoiselles d'Avignon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d'Avignon "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon")* (1907) * *[The Dance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_(Matisse) "Dance (Matisse)")* (1909–1910) * *[Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2 "Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2")* (1912) * *[Black Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Square "Black Square")* (1915) * *[The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari")* (1920) * *[Ballet Mécanique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballet_Mécanique "Ballet Mécanique")* (1923) * *[Battleship Potemkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin "Battleship Potemkin")* (1925) * *[Metropolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film) "Metropolis (1927 film)")* (1927) * *[Un Chien Andalou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou "Un Chien Andalou")* (1929) * [Villa Savoye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Savoye "Villa Savoye") (1931) * [Fallingwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater) (1936) * *[Citizen Kane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Kane "Citizen Kane")* (1941) * *[Meshes of the Afternoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon "Meshes of the Afternoon")* (1943) | |
| [Performing arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts "Performing arts") | |  |  | | --- | --- | | [Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism_(music) "Modernism (music)") | * [Antheil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Antheil "George Antheil") * [Bartók](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Béla_Bartók "Béla Bartók") * [Berg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg "Alban Berg") * [Berio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciano_Berio "Luciano Berio") * [Boulanger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger "Nadia Boulanger") * [Boulez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez "Pierre Boulez") * [Copland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Copland "Aaron Copland") * [Debussy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Debussy "Claude Debussy") * [Dutilleux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux "Henri Dutilleux") * [Falla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla "Manuel de Falla") * [Feldman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton_Feldman "Morton Feldman") * [Górecki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk_Górecki "Henryk Górecki") * [Hindemith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hindemith "Paul Hindemith") * [Honegger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Honegger "Arthur Honegger") * [Ives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ives "Charles Ives") * [Janáček](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leoš_Janáček "Leoš Janáček") * [Ligeti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/György_Ligeti "György Ligeti") * [Lutosławski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witold_Lutosławski "Witold Lutosławski") * [Milhaud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_Milhaud "Darius Milhaud") * [Nono](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Nono "Luigi Nono") * [Partch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Partch "Harry Partch") * [Russolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Russolo "Luigi Russolo") * [Satie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Satie "Erik Satie") * [Schaeffer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer "Pierre Schaeffer") * [Schoenberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg "Arnold Schoenberg") * [Scriabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin "Alexander Scriabin") * [Stockhausen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen "Karlheinz Stockhausen") * [Strauss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Strauss "Richard Strauss") * [Stravinsky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky "Igor Stravinsky") * [Szymanowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski "Karol Szymanowski") * [Varèse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgard_Varèse "Edgard Varèse") * [Villa-Lobos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos "Heitor Villa-Lobos") * [Webern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Webern "Anton Webern") * [Weill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Weill "Kurt Weill") | | [Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_theatre "Modernist theatre") | * [Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson "Maxwell Anderson") * [Anouilh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Anouilh "Jean Anouilh") * [Artaud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Artaud "Antonin Artaud") * [Beckett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beckett "Samuel Beckett") * [Brecht](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht "Bertolt Brecht") * [Chekhov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov "Anton Chekhov") * [Ibsen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen "Henrik Ibsen") * [Jarry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry "Alfred Jarry") * [Kaiser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kaiser "Georg Kaiser") * [Maeterlinck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck "Maurice Maeterlinck") * [Mayakovsky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky "Vladimir Mayakovsky") * [O'Casey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seán_O'Casey "Seán O'Casey") * [O'Neill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O'Neill "Eugene O'Neill") * [Osborne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne "John Osborne") * [Pirandello](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello "Luigi Pirandello") * [Piscator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Piscator "Erwin Piscator") * [Strindberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Strindberg "August Strindberg") * [Toller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Toller "Ernst Toller") * [Wedekind](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wedekind "Frank Wedekind") * [Wilder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornton_Wilder "Thornton Wilder") * [Witkiewicz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanisław_Ignacy_Witkiewicz "Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz") | | [Dance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_dance "Modern dance") | * [Balanchine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Balanchine "George Balanchine") * [Cunningham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merce_Cunningham "Merce Cunningham") * [Diaghilev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev "Sergei Diaghilev") * [Duncan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadora_Duncan "Isadora Duncan") * [Fokine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine "Michel Fokine") * [Fuller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loie_Fuller "Loie Fuller") * [Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Graham "Martha Graham") * [Holm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanya_Holm "Hanya Holm") * [Laban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Laban "Rudolf Laban") * [Massine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léonide_Massine "Léonide Massine") * [Nijinsky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky "Vaslav Nijinsky") * [Shawn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Shawn "Ted Shawn") * [Sokolow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Sokolow "Anna Sokolow") * [St. Denis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis "Ruth St. Denis") * [Tamiris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Tamiris "Helen Tamiris") * [Wiesenthal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal "Grete Wiesenthal") * [Wigman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Wigman "Mary Wigman") | | Works | * *[Don Juan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss) "Don Juan (Strauss)")* (1888) * *[Ubu Roi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubu_Roi "Ubu Roi")* (1896) * *[Verklärte Nacht](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verklärte_Nacht "Verklärte Nacht")* (1899) * *[Pelléas et Mélisande](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelléas_et_Mélisande_(opera) "Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)")* (1902) * *[Salome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salome_(opera) "Salome (opera)")* (1905) * *[The Firebird](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Firebird "The Firebird")* (1910) * *[Afternoon of a Faun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky) "Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)")* (1912) * *[The Rite of Spring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring "The Rite of Spring")* (1913) * *[Fountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp) "Fountain (Duchamp)")* (1917) * *[Six Characters in Search of an Author](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author "Six Characters in Search of an Author")* (1921) * *[The Threepenny Opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera "The Threepenny Opera")* (1928) * *[Waiting for Godot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot "Waiting for Godot")* (1953) | |
| Related | * [American modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_modernism "American modernism") * [Armory Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armory_Show "Armory Show") * *[Avant-garde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde "Avant-garde")* * *[Ballets Russes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballets_Russes "Ballets Russes")* * [Bloomsbury Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group "Bloomsbury Group") * [Buddhist modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_modernism "Buddhist modernism") * [Classical Hollywood cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema "Classical Hollywood cinema") * [Degenerate art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_art "Degenerate art") * [Ecomodernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecomodernism "Ecomodernism") * [Experimental film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_film "Experimental film") * [Film noir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_noir "Film noir") * *[Fin de siècle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fin_de_siècle "Fin de siècle")* * [Fourth dimension in art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art "Fourth dimension in art") * [Fourth dimension in literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature "Fourth dimension in literature") * [Grosvenor School of Modern Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art "Grosvenor School of Modern Art") * [Hanshinkan Modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism "Hanshinkan Modernism") * [High modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_modernism "High modernism") * [Hippie modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s "Counterculture of the 1960s") * [Impressionism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism "Impressionism")   + [Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism_in_music "Impressionism in music")   + [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism_(literature) "Impressionism (literature)")   + [Post-](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Impressionism "Post-Impressionism") * [Incoherents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoherents "Incoherents") * [International Style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Style "International Style") * [Late modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_modernism "Late modernism") * [Late modernity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_modernity "Late modernity") * [List of art movements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_art_movements "List of art movements") * [List of avant-garde artists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists "List of avant-garde artists") * [List of modernist poets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets "List of modernist poets") * [Maximalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximalism "Maximalism") * [Metamodernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernism "Metamodernism") * [Modernity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernity "Modernity") * [Neo-primitivism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-primitivism "Neo-primitivism") * [Neo-romanticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-romanticism "Neo-romanticism") * [New Hollywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hollywood "New Hollywood") * [New Objectivity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Objectivity "New Objectivity") * [Poetic realism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetic_realism "Poetic realism") * [Pop Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Art "Pop Art") * [Postmodernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism "Postmodernism") * [Pulp noir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_noir "Pulp noir") * [Reactionary modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactionary_modernism "Reactionary modernism") * [Remodernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remodernism "Remodernism") * [Second Viennese School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Viennese_School "Second Viennese School") * [Structural film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_film "Structural film") * [Underground film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_film "Underground film") * [Vulgar modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism "Vulgar auteurism") |
| ← **[Romanticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Romanticism "Template:Romanticism")**  **[Postmodernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Postmodernism "Template:Postmodernism")** →  [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Modernism "Category:Modernism") | |

| * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pittsburgh_Metro_Area "Template:Pittsburgh Metro Area") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Pittsburgh_Metro_Area "Template talk:Pittsburgh Metro Area") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pittsburgh_Metro_Area "Special:EditPage/Template:Pittsburgh Metro Area")  [Greater Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh "Greater Pittsburgh") | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh–New_Castle–Weirton_combined_statistical_area "Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area") | | |
| Counties | |  |  | | --- | --- | | in [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland "Maryland") | * [Garrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrett_County,_Maryland "Garrett County, Maryland") | | in [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio "Ohio") | * [Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Ohio "Jefferson County, Ohio") | | in [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania "Pennsylvania") | * [Allegheny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania "Allegheny County, Pennsylvania") * [Armstrong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong_County,_Pennsylvania "Armstrong County, Pennsylvania") * [Beaver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_County,_Pennsylvania "Beaver County, Pennsylvania") * [Butler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler_County,_Pennsylvania "Butler County, Pennsylvania") * [Fayette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania "Fayette County, Pennsylvania") * [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_County,_Pennsylvania "Indiana County, Pennsylvania") * [Lawrence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Pennsylvania "Lawrence County, Pennsylvania") * [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_County,_Pennsylvania "Washington County, Pennsylvania") * [Westmoreland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania "Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania") | | in [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia "West Virginia") | * [Brooke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooke_County,_West_Virginia "Brooke County, West Virginia") * [Hancock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hancock_County,_West_Virginia "Hancock County, West Virginia") | | Map of the Pittsburgh Tri-State with green counties in the metropolitan area and yellow counties in the combined area |
| Major cities | * **[Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh "Pittsburgh")** |
| Cities and towns 15k–50k (in [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_census "2010 United States census")) | * [Baldwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin,_Pennsylvania "Baldwin, Pennsylvania") * [Bethel Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethel_Park,_Pennsylvania "Bethel Park, Pennsylvania") * [Butler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler_Township,_Butler_County,_Pennsylvania "Butler Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania") * [Cranberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry_Township,_Butler_County,_Pennsylvania "Cranberry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania") * [Hampton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania "Hampton Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania") * [Hempfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hempfield_Township,_Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania "Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania") * [McCandless](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCandless,_Pennsylvania "McCandless, Pennsylvania") * [McKeesport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKeesport,_Pennsylvania "McKeesport, Pennsylvania") * [Monroeville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroeville,_Pennsylvania "Monroeville, Pennsylvania") * [Moon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Township,_Pennsylvania "Moon Township, Pennsylvania") * [Mt. Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Lebanon,_Pennsylvania "Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania") * [Murrysville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murrysville,_Pennsylvania "Murrysville, Pennsylvania") * [New Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Castle,_Pennsylvania "New Castle, Pennsylvania") * [North Huntingdon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Huntingdon_Township,_Pennsylvania "North Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania") * [Penn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_Township,_Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania "Penn Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania") * [Penn Hills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_Hills,_Pennsylvania "Penn Hills, Pennsylvania") * [Peters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters_Township,_Washington_County,_Pennsylvania "Peters Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania") * [Plum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum,_Pennsylvania "Plum, Pennsylvania") * [Ross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania "Ross Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania") * [Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania "Scott Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania") * [Shaler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaler_Township,_Pennsylvania "Shaler Township, Pennsylvania") * [Steubenville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steubenville,_Ohio "Steubenville, Ohio") * [Unity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Township,_Pennsylvania "Unity Township, Pennsylvania") * [Upper St. Clair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_St._Clair_Township,_Pennsylvania "Upper St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania") * [Weirton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weirton,_West_Virginia "Weirton, West Virginia") * [West Mifflin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Mifflin,_Pennsylvania "West Mifflin, Pennsylvania") * [White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Township,_Indiana_County,_Pennsylvania "White Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania") * [Wilkinsburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkinsburg,_Pennsylvania "Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania") |
| Airports | * **[Pittsburgh International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_International_Airport "Pittsburgh International Airport")** * **[Arnold Palmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Palmer_Regional_Airport "Arnold Palmer Regional Airport")** * [Allegheny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_County_Airport "Allegheny County Airport") * [Beaver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_County_Airport "Beaver County Airport") * [Butler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh-Butler_Regional_Airport "Pittsburgh-Butler Regional Airport") * [Eddie Dew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Dew_Memorial_Airpark "Eddie Dew Memorial Airpark") * [Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greene_County_Airport_(Pennsylvania) "Greene County Airport (Pennsylvania)") * [Greensburg Jeannette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greensburg_Jeannette_Regional_Airport "Greensburg Jeannette Regional Airport") * [Herron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herron_Airport "Herron Airport") * [Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_County_Airpark "Jefferson County Airpark") * [Jimmy Stewart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_County–Jimmy_Stewart_Airport "Indiana County–Jimmy Stewart Airport") * [Joe Hardy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_A._Hardy_Connellsville_Airport "Joseph A. Hardy Connellsville Airport") * [Lakehill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakehill_Airport "Lakehill Airport") * [McVille](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McVille_Airport "McVille Airport") * [Monroeville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh–Monroeville_Airport "Pittsburgh–Monroeville Airport") * [New Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Castle_Municipal_Airport "New Castle Municipal Airport") * [Pittsburgh Northeast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Northeast_Airport "Pittsburgh Northeast Airport") * [Rostraver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostraver_Airport "Rostraver Airport") * [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_County_Airport_(Pennsylvania) "Washington County Airport (Pennsylvania)") * [Wheeling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeling_Ohio_County_Airport "Wheeling Ohio County Airport") * [Zelienople](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelienople_Municipal_Airport "Zelienople Municipal Airport") |
| Topics | * [Economy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Pittsburgh "Economy of Pittsburgh") * [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh#Education "Pittsburgh") * [Etymology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_of_Pittsburgh "Name of Pittsburgh") * [Film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Pittsburgh "List of films shot in Pittsburgh") * [Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pittsburgh "Government of Pittsburgh") * [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Pittsburgh "History of Pittsburgh") * [Landmarks (area)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pittsburgh_History_and_Landmarks_Foundation_Historic_Landmarks "List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks") * [Landmarks (city)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_City_of_Pittsburgh_historic_designations "List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations") * [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Pittsburgh "Media in Pittsburgh") * [Neighborhoods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pittsburgh_neighborhoods "List of Pittsburgh neighborhoods") * [People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Pittsburgh "List of people from Pittsburgh") * [Public schools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Public_Schools "Pittsburgh Public Schools") * [Skyscrapers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pittsburgh "List of tallest buildings in Pittsburgh") * [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Pittsburgh "Sports in Pittsburgh") * [Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_in_Pittsburgh "Transportation in Pittsburgh") |
| * **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pittsburgh "Category:Pittsburgh")** | | |

| * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Pennsylvania "Template:Protected areas of Pennsylvania") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Pennsylvania "Template talk:Protected areas of Pennsylvania") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Pennsylvania "Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Pennsylvania")  [Protected areas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States "Protected areas of the United States") of [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania "Pennsylvania") | |
| --- | --- |
| [Federal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States "Federal government of the United States") | |  |  | | --- | --- | | [National Battlefields and Military Parks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_military_park "National military park") | * [Fort Necessity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Necessity_National_Battlefield "Fort Necessity National Battlefield") * [Gettysburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Battlefield "Gettysburg Battlefield") | | [National Fish Hatcheries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Fish_Hatchery_System "National Fish Hatchery System") | * [Allegheny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_National_Fish_Hatchery "Allegheny National Fish Hatchery") | | [National Forests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service "United States Forest Service") | * [Allegheny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_National_Forest "Allegheny National Forest") | | [National Historic Sites and Historical Parks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_historic_sites_and_historical_parks_of_the_United_States "List of national historic sites and historical parks of the United States") | * [Allegheny Portage Railroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Portage_Railroad "Allegheny Portage Railroad") * [Edgar Allan Poe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_National_Historic_Site "Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site") * [Eisenhower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower_National_Historic_Site "Eisenhower National Historic Site") * [First State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_State_National_Historical_Park "First State National Historical Park") * [Friendship Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_Hill "Friendship Hill") * [Grey Towers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Towers_National_Historic_Site "Grey Towers National Historic Site") * [Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Dei_(Old_Swedes')_Church "Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church") * [Hopewell Furnace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell_Furnace_National_Historic_Site "Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site") * [Independence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park "Independence National Historical Park") * [Steamtown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamtown_National_Historic_Site "Steamtown National Historic Site") * [Valley Forge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_Forge_National_Historical_Park "Valley Forge National Historical Park") | | [National Memorials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_memorials_of_the_United_States "List of national memorials of the United States") | * [Benjamin Franklin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_National_Memorial "Benjamin Franklin National Memorial") * [Flight 93](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_93_National_Memorial "Flight 93 National Memorial") * [Johnstown Flood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnstown_Flood_National_Memorial "Johnstown Flood National Memorial") * [Thaddeus Kosciuszko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_Kosciuszko_National_Memorial "Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial") | | [National Monuments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_monuments_of_the_United_States "List of national monuments of the United States") | * [Carlisle Federal Indian Boarding School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlisle_Indian_Industrial_School "Carlisle Indian Industrial School") | | [National Recreation Areas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_recreation_area "National recreation area") | * [Allegheny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_National_Recreation_Area "Allegheny National Recreation Area") * [Delaware Water Gap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Water_Gap_National_Recreation_Area "Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area") | | [National Trails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Trails_System "National Trails System") | * [Appalachian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian_Trail "Appalachian Trail") * [Lewis and Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail "Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail") * [North Country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Country_Trail "North Country Trail") * [Potomac Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_Heritage_Trail "Potomac Heritage Trail") | | [National Wild and Scenic Rivers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers "List of National Wild and Scenic Rivers") | * [Allegheny River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_River "Allegheny River") * [Clarion River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarion_River "Clarion River") * [Lower Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Delaware_National_Wild_and_Scenic_River "Lower Delaware National Wild and Scenic River") * [Middle Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Water_Gap_National_Recreation_Area "Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area") * [Upper Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Delaware_Scenic_and_Recreational_River "Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River") | | [National Wildlife Refuge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges "List of National Wildlife Refuges") | * [Cherry Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Valley_National_Wildlife_Refuge "Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge") * [Erie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_National_Wildlife_Refuge "Erie National Wildlife Refuge") * [John Heinz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Heinz_National_Wildlife_Refuge_at_Tinicum "John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum") * [Ohio River Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_River_Islands_National_Wildlife_Refuge "Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge") | | Other | * [National Historic Landmarks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Pennsylvania "List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania") ([Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Philadelphia "List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia")) * [National Natural Landmarks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_Pennsylvania "List of National Natural Landmarks in Pennsylvania") * [National Register of Historic Places](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania "National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania") * [Wilderness Areas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wilderness_areas_of_the_United_States "List of wilderness areas of the United States") | |
| [State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pennsylvania "Government of Pennsylvania") | |  |  | | --- | --- | | [Natural Areas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_forest_natural_areas "List of Pennsylvania state forest natural areas") | * [Alan Seeger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Seeger_Natural_Area "Alan Seeger Natural Area") * [Algerine Swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerine_Swamp_Natural_Area "Algerine Swamp Natural Area") * [Anders Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Run_Natural_Area "Anders Run Natural Area") * [Bark Cabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bark_Cabin_Natural_Area "Bark Cabin Natural Area") * [Bear Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Meadows_Natural_Area "Bear Meadows Natural Area") * [Bear Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Run_Natural_Area "Bear Run Natural Area") * [Beartown Woods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beartown_Woods_Natural_Area "Beartown Woods Natural Area") * [Big Flat Laurel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Flat_Laurel_Natural_Area "Big Flat Laurel Natural Area") * [Black Ash Swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Ash_Swamp_Natural_Area "Black Ash Swamp Natural Area") * [Bruce Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Lake_Natural_Area "Bruce Lake Natural Area") * [Buckhorn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckhorn_Natural_Area "Buckhorn Natural Area") * [Carbaugh Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbaugh_Run_Natural_Area "Carbaugh Run Natural Area") * [Charles F. Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_F._Lewis_Natural_Area "Charles F. Lewis Natural Area") * [Cranberry Swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry_Swamp_Natural_Area "Cranberry Swamp Natural Area") * [David R. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_R._Johnson_Natural_Area "David R. Johnson Natural Area") * [Detweiler Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detweiler_Run_Natural_Area "Detweiler Run Natural Area") * [Devil's Elbow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil's_Elbow_Natural_Area "Devil's Elbow Natural Area") * [East Branch Swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Branch_Swamp_Natural_Area "East Branch Swamp Natural Area") * [Forrest H. Dutlinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_H._Dutlinger_Natural_Area "Forrest H. Dutlinger Natural Area") * [Frank E. Masland Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_E._Masland_Jr._Natural_Area "Frank E. Masland Jr. Natural Area") * [Halfway Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfway_Run_Natural_Area "Halfway Run Natural Area") * [Hemlocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemlocks_Natural_Area "Hemlocks Natural Area") * [The Hook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hook_Natural_Area "The Hook Natural Area") * [Hoverter and Sholl Box Huckleberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoverter_and_Sholl_Box_Huckleberry_Natural_Area "Hoverter and Sholl Box Huckleberry Natural Area") * [Jakey Hollow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakey_Hollow_Natural_Area "Jakey Hollow Natural Area") * [Johnson Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Run_Natural_Area "Johnson Run Natural Area") * [Joyce Kilmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Kilmer_Natural_Area "Joyce Kilmer Natural Area") * [Kettle Creek Gorge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_Creek_Gorge_Natural_Area "Kettle Creek Gorge Natural Area") * [Lebo Red Pine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebo_Red_Pine_Natural_Area "Lebo Red Pine Natural Area") * [Little Juniata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Juniata_Natural_Area "Little Juniata Natural Area") * [Little Mud Pond Swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Mud_Pond_Swamp_Natural_Area "Little Mud Pond Swamp Natural Area") * [Little Tinicum Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Tinicum_Island_Natural_Area "Little Tinicum Island Natural Area") * [Lower Jerry Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Jerry_Run_Natural_Area "Lower Jerry Run Natural Area") * [Marion Brooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Brooks_Natural_Area "Marion Brooks Natural Area") * [M.K. Goddard/Wykoff Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.K._Goddard/Wykoff_Run_Natural_Area "M.K. Goddard/Wykoff Run Natural Area") * [Meeting of the Pines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeting_of_the_Pines_Natural_Area "Meeting of the Pines Natural Area") * [Miller Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Run_Natural_Area "Miller Run Natural Area") * [Mt. Cydonia Ponds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Cydonia_Ponds_Natural_Area "Mt. Cydonia Ponds Natural Area") * [Mt. Davis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Davis_Natural_Area "Mt. Davis Natural Area") * [Mt. Logan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Logan_Natural_Area "Mt. Logan Natural Area") * [Pennel Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennel_Run_Natural_Area "Pennel Run Natural Area") * [Pine Creek Gorge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Creek_Gorge_Natural_Area "Pine Creek Gorge Natural Area") * [Pine Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Lake_Natural_Area "Pine Lake Natural Area") * [Pine Ridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Natural_Area "Pine Ridge Natural Area") * [Pine Tree Trail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Tree_Trail_Natural_Area "Pine Tree Trail Natural Area") * [Reynolds Spring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_Spring_Natural_Area "Reynolds Spring Natural Area") * [Roaring Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaring_Run_Natural_Area "Roaring Run Natural Area") * [Rocky Ridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Ridge_Natural_Area "Rocky Ridge Natural Area") * [Rosecrans Bog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosecrans_Bog_Natural_Area "Rosecrans Bog Natural Area") * [Ruth Zimmerman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Zimmerman_Natural_Area "Ruth Zimmerman Natural Area") * [Sheets Island Archipelago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheets_Island_Archipelago_Natural_Area "Sheets Island Archipelago Natural Area") * [Snyder-Middleswarth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snyder-Middleswarth_Natural_Area "Snyder-Middleswarth Natural Area") * [Spruce Swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce_Swamp_Natural_Area "Spruce Swamp Natural Area") * [Stillwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillwater_Natural_Area "Stillwater Natural Area") * [Sweet Root](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_Root_Natural_Area "Sweet Root Natural Area") * [Tall Timbers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tall_Timbers_Natural_Area "Tall Timbers Natural Area") * [Tamarack Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamarack_Run_Natural_Area "Tamarack Run Natural Area") * [Tamarack Swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamarack_Swamp_Natural_Area "Tamarack Swamp Natural Area") * [Torbert Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbert_Island_Natural_Area "Torbert Island Natural Area") | | [State Parks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_parks "List of Pennsylvania state parks") | * [Allegheny Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Islands_State_Park "Allegheny Islands State Park") * [Archbald Pothole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbald_Pothole_State_Park "Archbald Pothole State Park") * [Bald Eagle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bald_Eagle_State_Park "Bald Eagle State Park") * [Beltzville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltzville_State_Park "Beltzville State Park") * [Bendigo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendigo_State_Park "Bendigo State Park") * [Benjamin Rush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Rush_State_Park "Benjamin Rush State Park") * [Big Elk Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Elk_Creek_State_Park?action=edit&redlink=1 "Big Elk Creek State Park") * [Big Pocono](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Pocono_State_Park "Big Pocono State Park") * [Big Spring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Spring_State_Park_(Pennsylvania) "Big Spring State Park (Pennsylvania)") * [Black Moshannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Moshannon_State_Park "Black Moshannon State Park") * [Blue Knob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Knob_State_Park "Blue Knob State Park") * [Boyd Big Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyd_Big_Tree_Preserve_Conservation_Area "Boyd Big Tree Preserve Conservation Area") * [Buchanan's Birthplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchanan's_Birthplace_State_Park "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park") * [Bucktail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucktail_State_Park_Natural_Area "Bucktail State Park Natural Area") * [Caledonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonia_State_Park "Caledonia State Park") * [Canoe Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Creek_State_Park "Canoe Creek State Park") * [Chapman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman_State_Park "Chapman State Park") * [Cherry Springs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Springs_State_Park "Cherry Springs State Park") * [Clear Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_Creek_State_Park "Clear Creek State Park") * [Codorus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codorus_State_Park "Codorus State Park") * [Colonel Denning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel_Denning_State_Park "Colonel Denning State Park") * [Colton Point](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colton_Point_State_Park "Colton Point State Park") * [Cook Forest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Forest_State_Park "Cook Forest State Park") * [Cowans Gap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowans_Gap_State_Park "Cowans Gap State Park") * [Delaware Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Canal_State_Park "Delaware Canal State Park") * [Denton Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denton_Hill_State_Park "Denton Hill State Park") * [Elk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elk_State_Park "Elk State Park") * [Erie Bluffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Bluffs_State_Park "Erie Bluffs State Park") * [Evansburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evansburg_State_Park "Evansburg State Park") * [Fort Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Washington_State_Park "Fort Washington State Park") * [Fowlers Hollow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowlers_Hollow_State_Park "Fowlers Hollow State Park") * [Frances Slocum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Slocum_State_Park "Frances Slocum State Park") * [French Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Creek_State_Park "French Creek State Park") * [Gifford Pinchot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot_State_Park "Gifford Pinchot State Park") * [Gouldsboro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouldsboro_State_Park "Gouldsboro State Park") * [Greenwood Furnace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwood_Furnace_State_Park "Greenwood Furnace State Park") * [Hickory Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hickory_Run_State_Park "Hickory Run State Park") * [Hillman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillman_State_Park "Hillman State Park") * [Hills Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hills_Creek_State_Park "Hills Creek State Park") * [Hyner Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyner_Run_State_Park "Hyner Run State Park") * [Hyner View](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyner_View_State_Park "Hyner View State Park") * [Jacobsburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobsburg_Environmental_Education_Center "Jacobsburg Environmental Education Center") * [Jennings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennings_Environmental_Education_Center "Jennings Environmental Education Center") * [Joseph E. Ibberson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_E._Ibberson_Conservation_Area "Joseph E. Ibberson Conservation Area") * [Kettle Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_Creek_State_Park "Kettle Creek State Park") * [Keystone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_State_Park_(Pennsylvania) "Keystone State Park (Pennsylvania)") * [Kings Gap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_Gap_Environmental_Education_Center "Kings Gap Environmental Education Center") * [Kinzua Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzua_Bridge_State_Park "Kinzua Bridge State Park") * [Kooser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooser_State_Park "Kooser State Park") * [Lackawanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lackawanna_State_Park "Lackawanna State Park") * [Laurel Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Hill_State_Park "Laurel Hill State Park") * [Laurel Mountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Mountain_State_Park "Laurel Mountain State Park") * [Laurel Ridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Ridge_State_Park "Laurel Ridge State Park") * [Laurel Summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Summit_State_Park "Laurel Summit State Park") * [Lehigh Gorge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh_Gorge_State_Park "Lehigh Gorge State Park") * [Leonard Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Harrison_State_Park "Leonard Harrison State Park") * [Linn Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linn_Run_State_Park "Linn Run State Park") * [Little Buffalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Buffalo_State_Park "Little Buffalo State Park") * [Little Pine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Pine_State_Park "Little Pine State Park") * [Locust Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locust_Lake_State_Park "Locust Lake State Park") * [Lyman Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_Run_State_Park "Lyman Run State Park") * [Marsh Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_Creek_State_Park "Marsh Creek State Park") * [Maurice K. Goddard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_K._Goddard_State_Park "Maurice K. Goddard State Park") * [McCalls Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCalls_Dam_State_Park "McCalls Dam State Park") * [McConnells Mill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McConnells_Mill_State_Park "McConnells Mill State Park") * [Memorial Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Lake_State_Park "Memorial Lake State Park") * [Milton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_State_Park "Milton State Park") * [Mont Alto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Alto_State_Park "Mont Alto State Park") * [Moraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine_State_Park "Moraine State Park") * [Mt. Pisgah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Pisgah_State_Park "Mt. Pisgah State Park") * [Nescopeck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nescopeck_State_Park "Nescopeck State Park") * [Neshaminy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neshaminy_State_Park "Neshaminy State Park") * [Nockamixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nockamixon_State_Park "Nockamixon State Park") * [Nolde Forest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolde_Forest_Environmental_Education_Center "Nolde Forest Environmental Education Center") * [Norristown Farm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norristown_Farm_Park "Norristown Farm Park") * [Ohiopyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiopyle_State_Park "Ohiopyle State Park") * [Oil Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_Creek_State_Park "Oil Creek State Park") * [Ole Bull](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Bull_State_Park "Ole Bull State Park") * [Parker Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parker_Dam_State_Park "Parker Dam State Park") * [Patterson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterson_State_Park "Patterson State Park") * [Penn-Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn-Roosevelt_State_Park "Penn-Roosevelt State Park") * [Pine Grove Furnace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Grove_Furnace_State_Park "Pine Grove Furnace State Park") * [Poe Paddy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poe_Paddy_State_Park "Poe Paddy State Park") * [Poe Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poe_Valley_State_Park "Poe Valley State Park") * [Point](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_State_Park "Point State Park") * [Presque Isle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presque_Isle_State_Park "Presque Isle State Park") * [Prince Gallitzin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Gallitzin_State_Park "Prince Gallitzin State Park") * [Promised Land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promised_Land_State_Park "Promised Land State Park") * [Prompton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prompton_State_Park "Prompton State Park") * [Prouty Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prouty_Place_State_Park "Prouty Place State Park") * [Pymatuning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pymatuning_State_Park_(Pennsylvania) "Pymatuning State Park (Pennsylvania)") * [R. B. Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._B._Winter_State_Park "R. B. Winter State Park") * [Raccoon Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon_Creek_State_Park "Raccoon Creek State Park") * [Ralph Stover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Stover_State_Park "Ralph Stover State Park") * [Ravensburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravensburg_State_Park "Ravensburg State Park") * [Reeds Gap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeds_Gap_State_Park "Reeds Gap State Park") * [Ricketts Glen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricketts_Glen_State_Park "Ricketts Glen State Park") * [Ridley Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridley_Creek_State_Park "Ridley Creek State Park") * [Ryerson Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryerson_Station_State_Park "Ryerson Station State Park") * [Salt Springs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Springs_State_Park "Salt Springs State Park") * [Samuel S. Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_S._Lewis_State_Park "Samuel S. Lewis State Park") * [Sand Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Bridge_State_Park "Sand Bridge State Park") * [Shawnee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnee_State_Park_(Pennsylvania) "Shawnee State Park (Pennsylvania)") * [Shikellamy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikellamy_State_Park "Shikellamy State Park") * [Simon B. Elliott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_B._Elliott_State_Park "Simon B. Elliott State Park") * [Sinnemahoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinnemahoning_State_Park "Sinnemahoning State Park") * [Sizerville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sizerville_State_Park "Sizerville State Park") * [Susquehanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehanna_State_Park_(Pennsylvania) "Susquehanna State Park (Pennsylvania)") * [Susquehanna Riverlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehanna_Riverlands_State_Park?action=edit&redlink=1 "Susquehanna Riverlands State Park") * [Susquehannock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehannock_State_Park "Susquehannock State Park") * [Swatara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatara_State_Park "Swatara State Park") * [Tobyhanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobyhanna_State_Park "Tobyhanna State Park") * [Trough Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_Creek_State_Park "Trough Creek State Park") * [Tuscarora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscarora_State_Park "Tuscarora State Park") * [Tyler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_State_Park_(Pennsylvania) "Tyler State Park (Pennsylvania)") * [Upper Pine Bottom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Pine_Bottom_State_Park "Upper Pine Bottom State Park") * [Varden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varden_Conservation_Area "Varden Conservation Area") * [Vosburg Neck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosburg_Neck_State_Park?action=edit&redlink=1 "Vosburg Neck State Park") * [Warriors Path](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warriors_Path_State_Park "Warriors Path State Park") * [Washington Crossing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Crossing_Historic_Park "Washington Crossing Historic Park") * [Whipple Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whipple_Dam_State_Park "Whipple Dam State Park") * [White Clay Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Clay_Creek_Preserve "White Clay Creek Preserve") * [Worlds End](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worlds_End_State_Park "Worlds End State Park") * [Yellow Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Creek_State_Park "Yellow Creek State Park") | | [State Forests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_forests "List of Pennsylvania state forests") | * [Bald Eagle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bald_Eagle_State_Forest "Bald Eagle State Forest") * [Buchanan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchanan_State_Forest "Buchanan State Forest") * [Clear Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_Creek_State_Forest "Clear Creek State Forest") * [Cornplanter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornplanter_State_Forest "Cornplanter State Forest") * [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_State_Forest "Delaware State Forest") * [Elk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elk_State_Forest "Elk State Forest") * [Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_State_Forest "Forbes State Forest") * [Gallitzin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallitzin_State_Forest "Gallitzin State Forest") * [Loyalsock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalsock_State_Forest "Loyalsock State Forest") * [Michaux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaux_State_Forest "Michaux State Forest") * [Moshannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshannon_State_Forest "Moshannon State Forest") * [Pinchot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchot_State_Forest "Pinchot State Forest") * [Rothrock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothrock_State_Forest "Rothrock State Forest") * [Sproul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sproul_State_Forest "Sproul State Forest") * [Susquehannock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehannock_State_Forest "Susquehannock State Forest") * [Tiadaghton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiadaghton_State_Forest "Tiadaghton State Forest") * [Tioga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tioga_State_Forest "Tioga State Forest") * [Tuscarora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscarora_State_Forest "Tuscarora State Forest") * [Weiser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weiser_State_Forest "Weiser State Forest") * [William Penn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penn_State_Forest "William Penn State Forest") | | [Scenic Rivers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Scenic_Rivers "Pennsylvania Scenic Rivers") | * [Bear Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Run "Bear Run") * [French Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Creek_(Schuylkill_River_tributary) "French Creek (Schuylkill River tributary)") * [Lehigh River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh_River "Lehigh River") * [LeTort Spring Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeTort_Spring_Run "LeTort Spring Run") * [Lick Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_Run_(Clinton_County,_Pennsylvania) "Lick Run (Clinton County, Pennsylvania)") * [Lower Brandywine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_Creek_(Christina_River_tributary) "Brandywine Creek (Christina River tributary)") * [Octoraro Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octoraro_Creek "Octoraro Creek") * [Pine Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Creek_(Pennsylvania) "Pine Creek (Pennsylvania)") * [Schuylkill River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuylkill_River "Schuylkill River") * [Stony Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stony_Creek_(Susquehanna_River_tributary) "Stony Creek (Susquehanna River tributary)") * [Tucquan Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucquan_Creek "Tucquan Creek") * [Tulpehocken Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulpehocken_Creek_(Pennsylvania) "Tulpehocken Creek (Pennsylvania)") * [Yellow Breeches Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Breeches_Creek "Yellow Breeches Creek") | | [State Game Lands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands "Pennsylvania State Game Lands") | * [12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_12 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 12") * [13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_13 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 13") * [14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_14 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 14") * [24](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_24 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 24") * [25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_25 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 25") * [26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_26 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 26") * [28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_28 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 28") * [29](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_29 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 29") * [30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_30 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 30") * [31](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_31 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 31") * [33](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_33 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 33") * [34](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_34 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 34") * [35](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_35 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 35") * [36](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_36 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 36") * [37](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_37 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 37") * [38](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_38 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 38") * [39](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_39 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 39") * [40](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_40 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 40") * [41](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_41 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 41") * [42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_42 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 42") * [43](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_43 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 43") * [44](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_44 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 44") * [45](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_45 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 45") * [46](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_46?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 46") * [47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_47 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 47") * [48](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_48 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 48") * [49](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_49 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 49") * [50](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_50?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 50") * [51](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_51 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 51") * [52](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_52 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 52") * [53](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_53?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 53") * [54](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_54?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 54") * [55](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_55 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 55") * [56](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_56?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 56") * [57](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_57?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 57") * [58](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_58 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58") * [59](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_59?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 59") * [60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_60 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 60") * [61](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_61?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 61") * [62](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_62?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 62") * [63](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_63?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 63") * [64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_64?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 64") * [65](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_65?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 65") * [66](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_66?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 66") * [67](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_67?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 67") * [68](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_68?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 68") * [69](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_69?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 69") * [70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_70?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 70") * [71](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_71?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 71") * [72](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_72?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 72") * [73](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_73 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 73") * [74](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_74?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 74") * [75](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_75?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 75") * [76](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_76?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 76") * [77](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_77?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 77") * [78](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_78?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 78") * [79](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_79?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 79") * [80](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_80 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 80") * [81](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_81?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 81") * [82](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_82?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 82") * [83](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_83?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 83") * [84](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_84?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 84") * [85](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_85?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 85") * [86](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_86?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 86") * [87](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_87?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 87") * [88](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_88?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 88") * [89](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_89?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 89") * [90](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_90?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 90") * [91](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_91?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 91") * [92](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_92?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 92") * [93](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_93?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 93") * [94](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_94?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 94") * [95](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_95?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 95") * [96](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_96?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 96") * [97](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_97 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 97") * [98](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_98?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 98") * [99](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_99?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 99") * [100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_100?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 100") * [101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_101?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 101") * [102](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_102?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 102") * [103](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_103?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 103") * [104](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_104 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 104") * [105](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_105 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 105") * [106](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_106 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 106") * [107](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_107?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 107") * [108](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_108 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 108") * [109](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_109?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 109") * [110](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_110 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 110") * [111](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_111?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 111") * [112](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_112?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 112") * [113](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_113?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 113") * [114](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_114?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 114") * [115](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_115 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 115") * [116](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_116?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 116") * [117](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_117?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 117") * [118](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_118 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 118") * [119](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_119?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 119") * [120](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_120?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 120") * [121](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_121?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 121") * [122](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_122?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 122") * [123](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_123?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 123") * [124](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_124?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 124") * [126](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_126?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 126") * [127](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_127?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 127") * [128](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_128?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 128") * [129](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_129?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 129") * [130](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_130?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 130") * [131](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_131?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 131") * [132](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_132?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 132") * [133](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_133?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 133") * [134](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_134?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 134") * [135](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_135?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 135") * [136](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_136?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 136") * [137](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_137 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 137") * [138](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_138?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 138") * [139](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_139?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 139") * [140](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_140?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 140") * [141](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_141?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 141") * [142](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_142?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 142") * [143](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_143?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 143") * [144](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_144?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 144") * [145](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_145?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 145") * [146](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_146?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 146") * [147](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_147 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 147") * [148](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_148 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 148") * [149](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_149?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 149") * [150](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_150?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 150") * [151](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_151?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 151") * [152](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_152?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 152") * [153](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_153?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 153") * [154](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_154?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 154") * [155](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_155?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 155") * [156](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_156?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 156") * [157](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_157?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 157") * [158](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_158 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 158") * [159](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_159?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 159") * [160](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_160?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 160") * [161](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_161?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 161") * [162](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_162?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 162") * [163](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_163?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 163") * [164](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_164?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 164") * [165](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_165?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 165") * [166](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_166 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 166") * [167](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_167?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 167") * [168](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_168?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 168") * [169](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_169?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 169") * [170](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_170?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 170") * [171](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_171?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 171") * [172](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_172?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 172") * [173](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_173 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 173") * [174](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_174?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 174") * [175](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_175?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 175") * [176](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_176?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 176") * [179](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_178?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 178") * [179](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_179?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 179") * [180](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_180?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 180") * [181](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_181?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 181") * [182](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_182 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 182") * [183](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_183?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 183") * [184](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_184?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 184") * [185](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_185?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 185") * [186](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_186?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 186") * [187](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_187?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 187") * [187](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_188?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 188") * [188](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_188?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 188") * [189](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_189 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 189") * [190](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_190?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 190") * [191](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_191?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 191") * [192](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_192?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 192") * [193](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_193?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 193") * [194](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_194?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 194") * [195](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_195?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 195") * [196](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_196?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 196") * [197](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_197?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 197") * [198](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_198?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 198") * [199](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_199?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 199") * [200](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_200?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 200") * [201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_201?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 201") * [202](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_202?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 202") * [203](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_203 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 203") * [204](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_204?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 204") * [205](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_205?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 205") * [206](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_206?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 206") * [207](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_207?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 207") * [208](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_208?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 208") * [209](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_209?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 209") * [210](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_210?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 210") * [211](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_211?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 211") * [212](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_212?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 212") * [213](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_213?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 213") * [214](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_214?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 214") * [215](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_215?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 215") * [216](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_216?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 216") * [217](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_217?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 217") * [218](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_218?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 218") * [219](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_219?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 219") * [220](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_220?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 220") * [221](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_221?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 221") * [222](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_222?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 222") * [223](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_223?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 223") * [224](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_224?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 224") * [225](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_225?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 225") * [226](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_226 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 226") * [227](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_227?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 227") * [228](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_228?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 228") * [229](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_229?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 229") * [230](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_230?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 230") * [231](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_231?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 231") * [232](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_232?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 232") * [233](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_233?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 233") * [234](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_234?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 234") * [235](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_235?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 235") * [236](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_236?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 236") * [237](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_237?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 237") * [238](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_238?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 238") * [239](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_239?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 239") * [242](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_242?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 242") * [243](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_243?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 243") * [244](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_244?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 244") * [245](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_245?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 245") * [246](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_246?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 246") * [247](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_247 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 247") * [248](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_248?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 248") * [249](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_249 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 249") * [250](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_250?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 250") * [251](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_251?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 251") * [252](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_252?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 252") * [253](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_253?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 253") * [254](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_254?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 254") * [255](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_255?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 255") * [256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_256 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 256") * [257](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_257?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 257") * [258](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_258?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 258") * [259](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_259 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 259") * [260](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_260?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 260") * [261](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_261 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 261") * [262](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_262?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 262") * [263](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_263?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 263") * [264](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_264?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 264") * [265](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_265?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 265") * [266](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_266?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 266") * [267](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_267?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 267") * [268](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_268?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 268") * [269](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_269?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 269") * [270](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_270?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 270") * [271](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_271?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 271") * [272](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_272?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 272") * [273](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_273?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 273") * [274](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_274 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 274") * [275](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_275?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 275") * [276](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_276?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 276") * [277](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_277?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 277") * [278](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_278?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 278") * [279](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_279?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 279") * [280](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_280 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 280") * [281](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_281?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 281") * [282](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_282?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 282") * [283](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_283?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 283") * [284](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_284?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 284") * [285](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_285 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 285") * [286](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_286?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 286") * [287](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_287 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 287") * [288](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_288?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 288") * [289](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_289?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 289") * [290](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_290?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 290") * [291](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_291?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 291") * [292](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_292?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 292") * [293](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_293?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 293") * [294](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_294?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 294") * [295](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_295?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 295") * [296](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_296?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 296") * [297](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_297?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 297") * [298](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_298?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 298") * [299](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_299?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 299") * [300](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_300?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 300") * [301](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_301?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 301") * [302](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_302?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 302") * [303](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_303?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 303") * [304](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_304?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 304") * [305](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_305?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 305") * [306](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_306?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 306") * [307](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_307?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 307") * [309](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_309?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 309") * [310](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_310?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 310") * [311](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_311?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 311") * [312](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_312?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 312") * [313](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_313?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 313") * [314](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_314 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 314") * [315](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_315 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 315") * [316](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_316?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 316") * [317](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_317?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 317") * [318](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_318?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 318") * [319](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_319?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 319") * [320](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_320?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 320") * [321](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_321?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 321") * [322](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_322?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 322") * [323](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_323?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 323") * [324](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_324 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 324") * [325](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_325?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 325") * [326](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_326?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 326") * [327](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_327?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 327") * [328](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_328?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 328") * [329](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_329 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 329") * [330](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_330?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 330") * [331](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_331?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 331") * [332](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_332?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 332") * [333](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_333?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 333") * [335](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Game_Lands_Number_335?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 335") | | [Wild areas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_forest_wild_areas "List of Pennsylvania state forest wild areas") | * [Algerine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerine_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Algerine Wild Area") * [Asaph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaph_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Asaph Wild Area") * [Burns Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burns_Run_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Burns Run Wild Area") * [Clear Shade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_Shade_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Clear Shade Wild Area") * [Hammersley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammersley_Wild_Area "Hammersley Wild Area") * [James C. Nelson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Nelson_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "James C. Nelson Wild Area") * [Kettle Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_Creek_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Kettle Creek Wild Area") * [Russell P. Letterman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_P._Letterman_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Russell P. Letterman Wild Area") * [Martin Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Hill_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Martin Hill Wild Area") * [McIntyre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIntyre_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "McIntyre Wild Area") * [Penns Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penns_Creek_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Penns Creek Wild Area") * [Quebec Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Run_Wild_Area "Quebec Run Wild Area") * [Quehanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quehanna_Wild_Area "Quehanna Wild Area") * [Russell P. Letterman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_P._Letterman_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Russell P. Letterman Wild Area") * [Square Timber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Timber_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Square Timber Wild Area") * [Stairway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stairway_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Stairway Wild Area") * [Thickhead Mountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thickhead_Mountain_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Thickhead Mountain Wild Area") * [Trough Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_Creek_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Trough Creek Wild Area") * [Wolf Run](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Run_Wild_Area?action=edit&redlink=1 "Wolf Run Wild Area") | | Other | * [Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Highlands_Hiking_Trail "Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail") * [Mohn Mill Ponds Wild Plant Sanctuary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohn_Mill_Ponds_Wild_Plant_Sanctuary?action=edit&redlink=1 "Mohn Mill Ponds Wild Plant Sanctuary") * [Stone Valley Recreation Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Valley_Recreation_Area "Stone Valley Recreation Area") | |
| Local and private | * [Abernathy Field Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abernathy_Field_Station "Abernathy Field Station") * [Asbury Woods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbury_Woods?action=edit&redlink=1 "Asbury Woods") * [Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechwood_Farms_Nature_Reserve "Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve") * [Benjamin Olewine III Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Olewine_III_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Benjamin Olewine III Nature Center") * [Boyce Park Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyce_Park_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Boyce Park Nature Center") * [Briar Bush Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briar_Bush_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Briar Bush Nature Center") * [Carbon County Environmental Education Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_County_Environmental_Education_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Carbon County Environmental Education Center") * [Churchville Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchville_Nature_Center "Churchville Nature Center") * [Endless Mountains Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endless_Mountains_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Endless Mountains Nature Center") * [Fern Hollow Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern_Hollow_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Fern Hollow Nature Center") * [Frick Environmental Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frick_Environmental_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Frick Environmental Center") * [Great Valley Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Valley_Nature_Center "Great Valley Nature Center") * [Harrison Hills Park Environmental Education Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_Hills_Park_Environmental_Education_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Harrison Hills Park Environmental Education Center") * [Hawk Mountain Sanctuary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawk_Mountain_Sanctuary "Hawk Mountain Sanctuary") * [Honey Hollow Environmental Education Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_Hollow_Environmental_Education_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Honey Hollow Environmental Education Center") * [Jarrett Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarrett_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Jarrett Nature Center") * [John James Audubon Center at Mill Grove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon_Center_at_Mill_Grove?action=edit&redlink=1 "John James Audubon Center at Mill Grove") * [Lacawac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacawac "Lacawac") * [Lancaster Environmental Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_Environmental_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Lancaster Environmental Center") * [Latodami Nature Center at North Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latodami_Nature_Center_at_North_Park?action=edit&redlink=1 "Latodami Nature Center at North Park") * [McKaig Nature Education Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKaig_Nature_Education_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "McKaig Nature Education Center") * [McKeever Environmental Learning Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKeever_Environmental_Learning_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "McKeever Environmental Learning Center") * [Millbrook Marsh Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millbrook_Marsh_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Millbrook Marsh Nature Center") * [Kettle Creek Environmental Education Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_Creek_Environmental_Education_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Kettle Creek Environmental Education Center") * [Myrick Conservation Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrick_Conservation_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Myrick Conservation Center") * [Ned Smith Center for Nature and Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned_Smith_Center_for_Nature_and_Art "Ned Smith Center for Nature and Art") * [Nurture Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurture_Nature_Center "Nurture Nature Center") * [Peace Valley Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Valley_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Peace Valley Nature Center") * [Pocono Environmental Education Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocono_Environmental_Education_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pocono Environmental Education Center") * [Pool Wildlife Sanctuary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pool_Wildlife_Sanctuary?action=edit&redlink=1 "Pool Wildlife Sanctuary") * [Powdermill Nature Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powdermill_Nature_Reserve "Powdermill Nature Reserve") * [Richard Nixon Park Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Park_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Richard Nixon Park Nature Center") * [Riverbend Environmental Education Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverbend_Environmental_Education_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Riverbend Environmental Education Center") * [Shaver's Creek Environmental Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaver's_Creek_Environmental_Center "Shaver's Creek Environmental Center") * [Silver Lake Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Lake_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Silver Lake Nature Center") * [South Park Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "South Park Nature Center") * [Strawberry Hill Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Strawberry Hill Nature Center") * [Tom Ridge Environmental Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Ridge_Environmental_Center "Tom Ridge Environmental Center") * [Trexler Environmental Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trexler_Environmental_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Trexler Environmental Center") * [Trexler Nature Preserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trexler_Nature_Preserve "Trexler Nature Preserve") * [Tyler Arboretum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Tyler_Arboretum "John J. Tyler Arboretum") * [Welkinweir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welkinweir "Welkinweir") * [Whites' Woods Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whites'_Woods_Nature_Center "Whites' Woods Nature Center") * [Winnie Palmer Nature Reserve at Saint Vincent College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie_Palmer_Nature_Reserve_at_Saint_Vincent_College?action=edit&redlink=1 "Winnie Palmer Nature Reserve at Saint Vincent College") * [Woodbourne Forest and Wildlife Preserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodbourne_Forest_and_Wildlife_Preserve "Woodbourne Forest and Wildlife Preserve") * [Woodcock Creek Nature Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodcock_Creek_Nature_Center?action=edit&redlink=1 "Woodcock Creek Nature Center") |
| * [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Pennsylvania "Category:Protected areas of Pennsylvania") * *[Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Department_of_Conservation_and_Natural_Resources "Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources")* * *[Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Philadelphia_parks "Template:Philadelphia parks")* * *[Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pittsburgh_parks "Template:Pittsburgh parks")* * [Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protected%20areas%20of%20Pennsylvania "commons:Category:Protected areas of Pennsylvania") | |

| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [Edit this at Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463179#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
| --- | --- |
| International | * [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/174148996005659752204) * [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/4602486-4) * [FAST](https://id.worldcat.org/fast/631627) * [WorldCat](https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QH7Jmp3wQThkBKMJKTCDGgg) |
| National | * [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85046975) * [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20221143267&CON_LNG=ENG) * [Norway](https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90502814) * [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007295322305171) |
| Geographic | * [Structurae](https://structurae.net/structures/20018690) |
| Other | * [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/place/71e03bd2-7037-41f7-af35-c7e94504bbce) |